國家代表食物
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國家代表食物(英語:National Dish),又稱國菜、國民美食。指代表一個國家或地區的特色食物或菜餚。 特定菜餚能被選為國菜的原因很多,包括以下:
國家
以下列表不保證為官方認證的國菜,有些為民眾選舉的結果或舉例。部分中文譯名並非官方。
亞洲
土耳其: 土耳其烤肉,[1] 土耳其牛肉燉豆、抓飯[2]
阿富汗: 喀布爾抓飯[3]
文莱: 西米糕[4][5]
中國:無指定國菜,但出名的菜色有北京烤鸭、[6][7] 螺蛳粉,[8][9] 麻辣小龍蝦[10][11]
印度: 無指定國菜,但出名的菜色有扁豆燉飯、[15][16][17] 印度咖喱角、唐杜里雞、奶油扁豆咖哩、奶油羊肉咖哩
印度尼西亞: 印尼雞湯飯、[18][19] 仁當、[18] 沙嗲、[18][20][21] 印尼炒飯、[18][20] 加多加多、[18] 印尼薑黃飯[22]
伊拉克: 瑪斯古夫
以色列: 油炸鷹嘴豆餅, 沙卡蔬卡, 以色列沙拉
日本:壽司、[23] 日式咖哩飯、[24] 日本拉麵[25]、納豆, 天婦羅, 和菓子
哈萨克斯坦: 別什巴爾馬克、哈薩克蘿蔔沙拉
朝鲜: 韓式泡菜、朝鮮冷麵、朝鮮烤牛肉、補身湯
韩国:韓式泡菜,[26] 朝鮮烤牛肉、[27] 朝鮮拌飯、[28] 朝鮮烤牛排、[29] 部隊鍋, 韓式炸醬麵, 冰酥
吉尔吉斯斯坦: 別什巴爾馬克、拉條子、傳統肉盤
老挝: 青木瓜沙拉、[30][31][32][33] 拉帕 、糯米[34][35]
马来西亚:椰漿飯、[36] 叻沙、印度煎餅, 沙嗲
新加坡:辣椒蟹、[37] 海南雞飯[38], 福建麵
尼泊尔: 達八[39], 饃饃
菲律賓: 菲律賓醋燉肉、[40][41] 菲律賓酸湯, 菲律賓燒乳豬, 鐵板豬內臟, 哈囉哈囉
中華民國:台灣牛肉麵、滷肉飯
泰國: 泰式炒金邊粉、冬荫功、[42] 青木瓜沙拉
越南:越南粉, 顺化牛肉粉, 番茄米粉, 烤肉榨粉, 烤肉米粉, 廣南麵, 碎米飯, 北越粽, 越式粿仔, 越式法包, 越南粉卷, 越南煎餅, 膾卷, 炸春捲
歐洲
英国: 炸魚薯條,[43][44][45][46] 香料烤雞咖哩,[47][48] 週日烤肉、英式早餐,[49] 果凍配冰淇淋
奥地利:维也纳炸牛排
比利时: 牡蠣薯條、[59] 比利時鬆餅、[60] 薯條, 啤酒烤肉, 瓦特佐伊, 巧克力幕斯
保加利亚: 保加利亞摺餅、豆子湯、保加利亚沙拉
賽普勒斯: 賽普勒斯烤肉
芬兰: 卡累利阿燉肉、[61] 曼米、炒馴鹿肉, 黑麥麵包
法國:火上鍋、[62][63] 可麗餅、[64] 馬卡龍、可頌、紅酒燉雞、卡酥來砂鍋、馬賽魚湯, 紅酒燉牛肉, 法式長棍麵包
格鲁吉亚: 卡查普里、卡里餃
德国: 德國式土耳其烤肉、酸味燉牛肉、[65] 德國香腸、德國豬腳、德國酸菜 [66][67][68]、德國咖哩香腸
直布罗陀: 泡芙
希腊: 希臘旋轉烤肉、木莎卡、[69] 希臘烤肉捲、[70] 羊肝粥、希臘烤羊腸;希臘豆湯[71]
匈牙利: 匈牙利湯、[63] 紅椒雞、紅椒燉菜
冰島: 冰島發酵鯊魚肉、冰島臭食
愛爾蘭: 早餐麵包捲、愛爾蘭燉肉
義大利: 意大利麵、[72] 波倫塔,[73] 披薩、義大利燉飯
北馬其頓: 塔維斯格拉維斯
塞爾維亞: 切瓦皮、[74][75][76][77] 普列卡維察、[77][78] 塞爾維亞肉串、[77] 吉巴尼察、[79] 红椒酱、[80] 熏肉炖豆子、[81] 乾辣椒包肉、薩爾瑪、漁夫湯
西班牙: 西班牙烘蛋[82]
荷蘭: 炖羽衣甘蓝, 醃鯡魚
波蘭: 比哥斯、波蘭餃子、[83] 波蘭炸豬排、[84] 茹爾湯、波蘭甘藍菜捲
俄羅斯: 俄國餃子、羅宋湯、白菜湯、卡莎、[85] 皮羅格、皮羅什基[86][87]
烏克蘭: 羅宋湯,[88][89] 烏克蘭餃子[90][91]
瑞典: 瑞典肉丸,[92] 小龍蝦派對,[92][93] 瑞典鹽醃鯡魚、[94][95] 瑞典起司蛋糕[96]
瑞士: 思華力腸,[97] 起司火鍋、拉克萊特起司、瑞士薯餅
非洲
阿尔及利亚: 古斯米
埃及: 埃及蠶豆餐、[98]庫莎麗、黄麻燉湯、油炸鷹嘴豆餅
加纳: 富富、班庫、加羅夫飯
肯尼亚: 乌咖哩配燉宽叶羽衣甘蓝
摩洛哥: 古斯米、尖蓋鍋燴肉、巴司蒂亚馅派[99]
索马里: 因傑拉配燉羊肉、啦喉赫
南非:咖喱肉末[100]
奈及利亞: 富富配埃古斯湯[101]
美洲
阿根廷: 阿薩多烤肉、[102] 恩潘納達、[103] 南瓜玉米燉湯、阿根廷炸肉排、阿根廷香腸三明治
巴西:黑豆燉肉[104]
加拿大:肉汁乾酪薯條、[105][106][107] 納奈莫條,[108] 奶油塔,[109][110] 起司通心麵,[111] 加拿大肉餡餅,皮美尔烟肉
牙买加: 阿開木煮鹹魚、牙買加煙燻 [112]
墨西哥: 墨西哥夹饼、墨西哥辣醬、[113] 鑲辣椒配核桃奶油汁[114]
秘魯: 檸汁醃魚生[115]、秘魯中餐
美国: 漢堡, 蘋果派, 熱狗, 火雞, 馬鈴薯泥配肉汁
乌拉圭: 阿薩多、烏拉圭牛排漢堡
大洋洲
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參考書目
- 盧怡安、遊惠玲、李佳芳著;李東陽繪,《白斬雞:國民美食第一味》,幸福文化 出版,出版日期:2016/04/13,ISBN 9789869224857 (繁體中文)