国家代表食物
![]() | 此条目可能包含原创研究。 (2018年10月15日) |
国家代表食物(英语:National Dish),又称国菜、国民美食。指代表一个国家或地区的特色食物或菜肴。 特定菜肴能被选为国菜的原因很多,包括以下:
国家
以下列表不保证为官方认证的国菜,有些为民众选举的结果或举例。部分中文译名并非官方。
亚洲
土耳其: 土耳其烤肉,[1] 土耳其牛肉炖豆、抓饭[2]
阿富汗: 喀布尔抓饭[3]
汶莱: 西米糕[4][5]
中国:无指定国菜,但出名的菜色有北京烤鸭、[6][7] 螺蛳粉,[8][9] 麻辣小龙虾[10][11]
印度: 无指定国菜,但出名的菜色有扁豆炖饭、[15][16][17] 印度咖喱角、唐杜里鸡、奶油扁豆咖喱、奶油羊肉咖喱
印度尼西亚: 印尼鸡汤饭、[18][19] 仁当、[18] 沙嗲、[18][20][21] 印尼炒饭、[18][20] 加多加多、[18] 印尼姜黄饭[22]
伊拉克: 玛斯古夫
以色列: 油炸鹰嘴豆饼, 沙卡蔬卡, 以色列沙拉
日本:寿司、[23] 日式咖喱饭、[24] 日本拉面[25]、纳豆, 天妇罗, 和菓子
哈萨克斯坦: 别什巴尔马克、哈萨克萝卜沙拉
朝鲜: 韩式泡菜、朝鲜冷面、朝鲜烤牛肉、补身汤
韩国:韩式泡菜,[26] 朝鲜烤牛肉、[27] 朝鲜拌饭、[28] 朝鲜烤牛排、[29] 部队锅, 韩式炸酱面, 冰酥
吉尔吉斯斯坦: 别什巴尔马克、拉条子、传统肉盘
寮国: 青木瓜沙拉、[30][31][32][33] 拉帕 、糯米[34][35]
马来西亚:椰浆饭、[36] 叻沙、印度煎饼, 沙嗲
新加坡:辣椒蟹、[37] 海南鸡饭[38], 福建面
尼泊尔: 达八[39], 馍馍
菲律宾: 菲律宾醋炖肉、[40][41] 菲律宾酸汤, 菲律宾烧乳猪, 铁板猪内脏, 哈啰哈啰
中华民国:台湾牛肉面、卤肉饭
泰国: 泰式炒金边粉、冬荫功、[42] 青木瓜沙拉
越南:越南粉, 顺化牛肉粉, 番茄米粉, 烤肉榨粉, 烤肉米粉, 广南面, 碎米饭, 北越粽, 越式粿仔, 越式法包, 越南粉卷, 越南煎饼, 脍卷, 炸春卷
欧洲
英国: 炸鱼薯条,[43][44][45][46] 香料烤鸡咖喱,[47][48] 周日烤肉、英式早餐,[49] 果冻配冰淇淋
奥地利:维也纳炸牛排
比利时: 牡蛎薯条、[59] 比利时松饼、[60] 薯条, 啤酒烤肉, 瓦特佐伊, 巧克力幕斯
保加利亚: 保加利亚折饼、豆子汤、保加利亚沙拉
塞浦路斯: 塞浦路斯烤肉
芬兰: 卡累利阿炖肉、[61] 曼米、炒驯鹿肉, 黑麦面包
法国:火上锅、[62][63] 可丽饼、[64] 马卡龙、可颂、红酒炖鸡、卡酥来砂锅、马赛鱼汤, 红酒炖牛肉, 法式长棍面包
格鲁吉亚: 卡查普里、卡里饺
德国: 德国式土耳其烤肉、酸味炖牛肉、[65] 德国香肠、德国猪脚、德国酸菜 [66][67][68]、德国咖喱香肠
直布罗陀: 泡芙
希腊: 希腊旋转烤肉、木莎卡、[69] 希腊烤肉卷、[70] 羊肝粥、希腊烤羊肠;希腊豆汤[71]
匈牙利: 匈牙利汤、[63] 红椒鸡、红椒炖菜
冰岛: 冰岛发酵鲨鱼肉、冰岛臭食
爱尔兰: 早餐面包卷、爱尔兰炖肉
意大利: 意大利面、[72] 波伦塔,[73] 披萨、意大利炖饭
北马其顿: 塔维斯格拉维斯
塞尔维亚: 切瓦皮、[74][75][76][77] 普列卡维察、[77][78] 塞尔维亚肉串、[77] 吉巴尼察、[79] 红椒酱、[80] 熏肉炖豆子、[81] 干辣椒包肉、萨尔玛、渔夫汤
西班牙: 西班牙烘蛋[82]
荷兰: 炖羽衣甘蓝, 腌鲱鱼
波兰: 比哥斯、波兰饺子、[83] 波兰炸猪排、[84] 茹尔汤、波兰甘蓝菜卷
俄罗斯: 俄国饺子、罗宋汤、白菜汤、卡莎、[85] 皮罗格、皮罗什基[86][87]
乌克兰: 罗宋汤,[88][89] 乌克兰饺子[90][91]
瑞典: 瑞典肉丸,[92] 小龙虾派对,[92][93] 瑞典盐腌鲱鱼、[94][95] 瑞典起司蛋糕[96]
瑞士: 思华力肠,[97] 起司火锅、拉克莱特起司、瑞士薯饼
非洲
阿尔及利亚: 古斯米
埃及: 埃及蚕豆餐、[98]库莎丽、黄麻炖汤、油炸鹰嘴豆饼
加纳: 富富、班库、加罗夫饭
肯尼亚: 乌咖喱配炖宽叶羽衣甘蓝
摩洛哥: 古斯米、尖盖锅烩肉、巴司蒂亚馅派[99]
索马里: 因杰拉配炖羊肉、啦喉赫
南非:咖喱肉末[100]
尼日利亚: 富富配埃古斯汤[101]
美洲
阿根廷: 阿萨多烤肉、[102] 恩潘纳达、[103] 南瓜玉米炖汤、阿根廷炸肉排、阿根廷香肠三明治
巴西:黑豆炖肉[104]
加拿大:肉汁干酪薯条、[105][106][107] 纳奈莫条,[108] 奶油塔,[109][110] 起司通心面,[111] 加拿大肉馅饼,皮美尔烟肉
牙买加: 阿开木煮咸鱼、牙买加烟熏 [112]
墨西哥: 墨西哥夹饼、墨西哥辣酱、[113] 镶辣椒配核桃奶油汁[114]
秘鲁: 柠汁腌鱼生[115]、秘鲁中餐
美国: 汉堡, 苹果派, 热狗, 火鸡, 马铃薯泥配肉汁
乌拉圭: 阿萨多、乌拉圭牛排汉堡
大洋洲
参考文献
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Large, thin meat patties made from lamb and beef, known as pljeskavica, are considered a national dish of Serbia but are also a favorite with Bosnians and Croatians
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参考书目
- 卢怡安、游惠玲、李佳芳著;李东阳绘,《白斩鸡:国民美食第一味》,幸福文化 出版,出版日期:2016/04/13,ISBN 9789869224857 (繁体中文)