表皮生長因子受體

Epidermal growth factor receptor; 表皮生長因子受體
	表皮生長因子受體的胞外結構域與表皮生長因子結合的複合體，引自PDB1nql
有效結構
PDB	直系同源檢索：PDBe, RCSB
PDB查詢代碼列表
	1IVO, 1M14, 1M17, 1MOX, 1NQL, 1XKK, 1YY9, 1Z9I, 2EB2, 2EB3, 2GS2, 2GS7, 2ITN, 2ITO, 2ITP, 2ITQ, 2ITT, 2ITU, 2ITV, 2ITW, 2ITX, 2ITY, 2ITZ, 2J5E, 2J5F, 2J6M, 2JIT, 2JIU, 2JIV, 2KS1, 2M0B, 2M20, 2RF9, 2RFD, 2RFE, 2RGP, 3B2U, 3B2V, 3BEL, 3BUO, 3C09, 3G5V, 3G5Y, 3GOP, 3GT8, 3IKA, 3LZB, 3NJP, 3OB2, 3OP0, 3P0Y, 3PFV, 3POZ, 3QWQ, 3UG1, 3UG2, 3VJN, 3VJO, 3VRP, 3VRR, 3W2O, 3W2P, 3W2Q, 3W2R, 3W2S, 3W32, 3W33, 4G5J, 4G5P, 4HJO, 4I1Z, 4I20, 4I21, 4I22, 4I23, 4I24, 4JQ7, 4JQ8, 4JR3, 4JRV, 4KRL, 4KRM, 4KRO, 4KRP, 4LI5, 4LL0
標識
代號	EGFR; ERBB; ERBB1; HER1; PIG61; mENA
擴展標識	遺傳學：131550 鼠基因：95294 同源基因：74545 ChEMBL: 203 GeneCards: EGFR Gene
EC編號	2.7.10.1
基因本體論描述
分子功能	· double-stranded DNA binding; · MAP kinase kinase kinase activity; · protein tyrosine kinase activity; · transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity; · receptor signaling protein tyrosine kinase activity; · transmembrane signaling receptor activity; · epidermal growth factor-activated receptor activity; · protein binding; · ATP binding; · enzyme binding; · protein phosphatase binding; · nitric-oxide synthase regulator activity; · identical protein binding; · protein heterodimerization activity; · actin filament binding;
細胞成分	· Golgi membrane; · extracellular space; · nucleus; · cytoplasm; · endosome; · endoplasmic reticulum membrane; · plasma membrane; · endosome membrane; · membrane; · integral to membrane; · basolateral plasma membrane; · AP-2 adaptor complex; · nuclear membrane; · membrane raft; · perinuclear region of cytoplasm; · Shc-EGFR complex;
生物過程	· MAPK cascade; · activation of MAPKK activity; · ossification; · embryonic placenta development; · hair follicle development; · response to stress; · signal transduction; · cell surface receptor signaling pathway; · epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway; · activation of phospholipase C activity; · axon guidance; · salivary gland morphogenesis; · cell proliferation; · positive regulation of cell proliferation; · fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway; · cell-cell adhesion; · cerebral cortex cell migration; · positive regulation of cell migration; · positive regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity involved in G1/S; · positive regulation of catenin import into nucleus; · negative regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway; · negative regulation of protein catabolic process; · positive regulation of phosphorylation; · activation of phospholipase A2 activity by calcium-mediated signaling; · negative regulation of apoptotic process; · positive regulation of MAP kinase activity; · innate immune response; · positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process; · positive regulation of DNA repair; · positive regulation of DNA replication; · protein autophosphorylation; · neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway; · phosphatidylinositol-mediated signaling; · positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation; · digestive tract morphogenesis; · positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation; · regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation; · regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity; · protein insertion into membrane; · positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade; · morphogenesis of an epithelial fold; · response to UV-A;
	Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA表達模式
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直系同源體
	閱; 論; 編;

表皮生長因子受體（英語：epidermal growth factor receptor，簡稱為EGFR、ErbB-1或HER1）是一類名為表皮生長因子家族（EGF-家族）的細胞外蛋白配體的細胞表面受體^[2] 。

表皮生長因子受體是ErbB受體家族家族的成員之一，ErbB家族是包含四種緊密聯繫蛋白的亞家族，這四種蛋白分別是受體酪氨酸激酶類：EGFR（ErbB-1）、HER2/c-neu（ErbB-2）、Her 3（ErbB-3）以及Her 4（ErbB-4）。影響EGFR表達或活性的突變可能導致癌症^[3]。

表皮生長因子及其受體是由范德堡大學的斯坦利·科恩發現的，科恩與麗塔·列維-蒙塔爾奇尼因發現生長因子類而共同獲得了1986年諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎。

功能

表皮生長因子受體（EGFR）存在於細胞表面且因結合特異性受體而被活化，這些受體包括表皮生長因子和轉化生長因子-α。ErbB2並無已知的直接活化配體，可能結構性地處於活化狀態，或在與如EGFR等其他家族成員形成異源二聚體時被活化。除了參與正常的生理功能之外，EGFR在癌症中同樣扮演了重要的角色，以非小細胞性肺癌(NSCLC)為例，在全球患有非小細胞性肺癌的病患中，高達20%都表現了EGFR基因的突變，所以目前的藥物多朝向EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor去做設計，以期達到治療的效果。 ^[4] 目前發現具有EGFR突變型的NSCLC癌細胞會對tyrosine kinase inhibitor產生抗藥作用，這個抗藥作用可能來自於其中細胞大量的endothelin表現，進而使腫瘤組織血管收縮，降低了抗癌藥物的灌流，產生類似抗藥性的效果。 ^[5]

參考文獻

^ Kathryn M. Ferguson, Mitchell B. Berger, Jeannine M. Mendrola, Hyun Soo Cho, Daniel J. Leahy, Mark A. Lemmon. EGF activates its receptor by removing interactions that autoinhibit ectodomain dimerization. Molecular Cell. 2003-02, 11 (2): 507–517 [2019-05-26]. ISSN 1097-2765. PMID 12620237.
^ Herbst RS. Review of epidermal growth factor receptor biology. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 2004, 59 (2 Suppl): 21–6. PMID 15142631. doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2003.11.041.
^ Zhang H, Berezov A, Wang Q, Zhang G, Drebin J, Murali R, Greene MI. ErbB receptors: from oncogenes to targeted cancer therapies. J. Clin. Invest. August 2007, 117 (8): 2051–8. PMC 1934579 . PMID 17671639. doi:10.1172/JCI32278.
^ Yuhong Lu , Yanfeng Liu , Sebastian Oeck , Gary J. Zhang , Alexander Schramm , and Peter M. Glazer. Hypoxia Induces Resistance to EGFR Inhibitors in Lung Cancer Cells via Upregulation of FGFR1 and the MAPK Pathway. Cancer Res. 2020-11-01, 80 (21): 4655-4667. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-20-1192.
^ A.A. Armour, C.L. Watkins. The challenge of targeting EGFR: experience with gefitinib in non small cell lung cancer. Cancer Res. 2020-10-01, 80 (19): 4023-4024. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-20-0141.

深入閱讀

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Boonstra J, Rijken P, Humbel B; et al. The epidermal growth factor. Cell Biol. Int. 1995, 19 (5): 413–30. PMID 7640657. doi:10.1006/cbir.1995.1086.
Carpenter G. The EGF receptor: a nexus for trafficking and signaling. BioEssays. 2000, 22 (8): 697–707. PMID 10918300. doi:10.1002/1521-1878(200008)22:8<697::AID-BIES3>3.0.CO;2-1.
Filardo EJ. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) transactivation by estrogen via the G-protein-coupled receptor, GPR30: a novel signaling pathway with potential significance for breast cancer. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 2002, 80 (2): 231–8. PMID 11897506. doi:10.1016/S0960-0760(01)00190-X.
Tiganis T. Protein tyrosine phosphatases: dephosphorylating the epidermal growth factor receptor. IUBMB Life. 2002, 53 (1): 3–14. PMID 12018405. doi:10.1080/15216540210811.
Di Fiore PP, Scita G. Eps8 in the midst of GTPases. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 2002, 34 (10): 1178–83. PMID 12127568. doi:10.1016/S1357-2725(02)00064-X.
Benaim G, Villalobo A. Phosphorylation of calmodulin. Functional implications. Eur. J. Biochem. 2002, 269 (15): 3619–31. PMID 12153558. doi:10.1046/j.1432-1033.2002.03038.x.
Leu TH, Maa MC. Functional implication of the interaction between EGF receptor and c-Src. Front. Biosci. 2004, 8 (1-3): s28–38. PMID 12456372. doi:10.2741/980.
Anderson NL, Anderson NG. The human plasma proteome: history, character, and diagnostic prospects. Mol. Cell Proteomics. 2003, 1 (11): 845–67. PMID 12488461. doi:10.1074/mcp.R200007-MCP200.
Kari C, Chan TO, Rocha de Quadros M, Rodeck U. Targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor in cancer: apoptosis takes center stage. Cancer Res. 2003, 63 (1): 1–5. PMID 12517767.
Bonaccorsi L, Muratori M, Carloni V; et al. Androgen receptor and prostate cancer invasion. Int. J. Androl. 2003, 26 (1): 21–5. PMID 12534934. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2605.2003.00375.x.
Reiter JL, Maihle NJ. Characterization and expression of novel 60-kDa and 110-kDa EGFR isoforms in human placenta. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2003, 995 (1): 39–47. PMID 12814937. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb03208.x.
Adams TE, McKern NM, Ward CW. Signalling by the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor: interplay with the epidermal growth factor receptor. Growth Factors. 2005, 22 (2): 89–95. PMID 15253384. doi:10.1080/08977190410001700998.
Ferguson KM. Active and inactive conformations of the epidermal growth factor receptor. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 2005, 32 (Pt 5): 742–5. PMID 15494003. doi:10.1042/BST0320742.
Chao C, Hellmich MR. Bi-directional signaling between gastrointestinal peptide hormone receptors and epidermal growth factor receptor. Growth Factors. 2005, 22 (4): 261–8. PMID 15621729. doi:10.1080/08977190412331286900.
Carlsson J, Ren ZP, Wester K; et al. Planning for intracavitary anti-EGFR radionuclide therapy of gliomas. Literature review and data on EGFR expression. J. Neurooncol. 2006, 77 (1): 33–45. PMID 16200342. doi:10.1007/s11060-005-7410-z.
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Prudkin L, Wistuba II. Epidermal growth factor receptor abnormalities in lung cancer. Pathogenetic and clinical implications. Annals of diagnostic pathology. 2006, 10 (5): 306–15. PMID 16979526. doi:10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2006.06.011.
Ahmed SM, Salgia R. Epidermal growth factor receptor mutations and susceptibility to targeted therapy in lung cancer. Respirology. 2007, 11 (6): 687–92. PMID 17052295. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1843.2006.00887.x.
Zhang X, Chang A. Somatic mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor and non-small-cell lung cancer. J. Med. Genet. 2007, 44 (3): 166–72. PMC 2598028 . PMID 17158592. doi:10.1136/jmg.2006.046102.
Cohenuram M, Saif MW. Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition strategies in pancreatic cancer: past, present and the future. JOP. 2007, 8 (1): 4–15. PMID 17228128.
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外部連結

醫學主題詞表（MeSH）：Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor

[1] Kathryn M. Ferguson, Mitchell B. Berger, Jeannine M. Mendrola, Hyun Soo Cho, Daniel J. Leahy, Mark A. Lemmon. EGF activates its receptor by removing interactions that autoinhibit ectodomain dimerization. Molecular Cell. 2003-02, 11 (2): 507–517 [2019-05-26]. ISSN 1097-2765. PMID 12620237.

[pmid15142631-2] Herbst RS. Review of epidermal growth factor receptor biology. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 2004, 59 (2 Suppl): 21–6. PMID 15142631. doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2003.11.041.

[pmid17671639-3] Zhang H, Berezov A, Wang Q, Zhang G, Drebin J, Murali R, Greene MI. ErbB receptors: from oncogenes to targeted cancer therapies. J. Clin. Invest. August 2007, 117 (8): 2051–8. PMC 1934579 . PMID 17671639. doi:10.1172/JCI32278.

[4] Yuhong Lu , Yanfeng Liu , Sebastian Oeck , Gary J. Zhang , Alexander Schramm , and Peter M. Glazer. Hypoxia Induces Resistance to EGFR Inhibitors in Lung Cancer Cells via Upregulation of FGFR1 and the MAPK Pathway. Cancer Res. 2020-11-01, 80 (21): 4655-4667. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-20-1192.

[5] A.A. Armour, C.L. Watkins. The challenge of targeting EGFR: experience with gefitinib in non small cell lung cancer. Cancer Res. 2020-10-01, 80 (19): 4023-4024. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-20-0141.

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