CD16

FCGR3B（英语：FCGR3B）（CD16b）
识别
符号	FCGR3B
替换符号	FCGR3, FCG3
Entrez	2215
HUGO	3620
OMIM	610665
RefSeq	NM_000570
UniProt	O75015
其他资料
基因座	1 q23

FCGR3A（英语：FCGR3A）（CD16a）
识别
符号	FCGR3A
替换符号	FCGR3, FCG3
Entrez	2214
HUGO	3619
OMIM	146740
RefSeq	NM_000569
UniProt	P08637
其他资料
基因座	1 q23

CD16又称FcγRIII，是免疫细胞表面的一种细胞表面抗原（分化簇），为可与IgG抗体Fc片段（英语：Fragment crystallizable region）结合的第三型Fcγ受体。

人类的CD16有CD16a（英语：FCGR3A）（FCGR3A）与CD16b（英语：FCGR3B）（FCGR3B）两种蛋白，两者在胞外抗体结合域的序列相似度为96%^[1]，其中前者见于自然杀手细胞、肥大细胞、单核球与巨噬细胞^[2]，后者仅见于嗜中性球^[1]。CD16属免疫球蛋白超家族（英语：immunoglobulin superfamily）（IgSF），与抗体结合后可刺激免疫细胞发动吞噬作用、呼吸爆（英语：Respiratory burst）、ADCC作用与去颗粒作用（英语：degranulation）等免疫反应，攻击癌细胞或被病毒感染的细胞等目标细胞^[1]^[3]，其中自然杀手细胞的CD16a与抗体结合后可刺激CD25（英语：IL2RA）（白细胞介素-2的受体）及干扰素-γ和肿瘤坏死因子-α等细胞激素的合成^[4] ，启动ADCC，为激活自然杀手细胞中的受体中被研究最多者^[5]。此外CD16a还可能在没有抗体结合的情况下独自激活自然杀手细胞，使其裂解目标细胞^[5]。

CD16为癌症免疫疗法的标的蛋白之一，例如单株抗体药物玛格妥昔单抗（英语：Margetuximab）可与癌细胞表面的生长因子受体HER2/neu结合，此单株抗体被设计成与CD16A的结合力强，有助于激活免疫反应^[6]^[7]。

参考文献

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Zhang Y, Boesen CC, Radaev S, Brooks AG, Fridman WH, Sautes-Fridman C, Sun PD. Crystal structure of the extracellular domain of a human FcγRIII. Immunity. 2000, 13 (3): 387–95. PMID 11021536. doi:10.1016/S1074-7613(00)00038-8 .
^ Janeway, Charles. Appendix II. CD antigens. Immunobiology 5. New York: Garland. 2001. ISBN 978-0-8153-3642-6.
^ Vivier E, Morin P, O'Brien C, Druker B, Schlossman SF, Anderson P. Tyrosine phosphorylation of the Fc gamma RIII(CD16): zeta complex in human natural killer cells. Induction by antibody-dependent cytotoxicity but not by natural killing. Journal of Immunology. 1991, 146 (1): 206–10. PMID 1701792.
^ Anegón I, Cuturi MC, Trinchieri G, Perussia B. Interaction of Fc receptor (CD16) ligands induces transcription of interleukin 2 receptor (CD25) and lymphokine genes and expression of their products in human natural killer cells. The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 1988, 167 (2): 452–72. PMC 2188858 . PMID 2831292. doi:10.1084/jem.167.2.452.
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 Mandelboim O, Malik P, Davis DM, Jo CH, Boyson JE, Strominger JL. Human CD16 as a lysis receptor mediating direct natural killer cell cytotoxicity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 1999, 96 (10): 5640–4. Bibcode:1999PNAS...96.5640M. PMC 21913 . PMID 10318937. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.10.5640 .
^ Margetuximab. AdisInsight. [2017-02-01]. （原始内容存档于2017-08-28）.
^ Margenza. NCI Drug Dictionary. National Cancer Institute. [2020-12-17]. （原始内容存档于2021-12-15）.

[Zhang_2000-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Zhang Y, Boesen CC, Radaev S, Brooks AG, Fridman WH, Sautes-Fridman C, Sun PD. Crystal structure of the extracellular domain of a human FcγRIII. Immunity. 2000, 13 (3): 387–95. PMID 11021536. doi:10.1016/S1074-7613(00)00038-8 .

[2] Janeway, Charles. Appendix II. CD antigens. Immunobiology 5. New York: Garland. 2001. ISBN 978-0-8153-3642-6.

[3] Vivier E, Morin P, O'Brien C, Druker B, Schlossman SF, Anderson P. Tyrosine phosphorylation of the Fc gamma RIII(CD16): zeta complex in human natural killer cells. Induction by antibody-dependent cytotoxicity but not by natural killing. Journal of Immunology. 1991, 146 (1): 206–10. PMID 1701792.

[4] Anegón I, Cuturi MC, Trinchieri G, Perussia B. Interaction of Fc receptor (CD16) ligands induces transcription of interleukin 2 receptor (CD25) and lymphokine genes and expression of their products in human natural killer cells. The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 1988, 167 (2): 452–72. PMC 2188858 . PMID 2831292. doi:10.1084/jem.167.2.452.

[Mandelboim_1999-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Mandelboim O, Malik P, Davis DM, Jo CH, Boyson JE, Strominger JL. Human CD16 as a lysis receptor mediating direct natural killer cell cytotoxicity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 1999, 96 (10): 5640–4. Bibcode:1999PNAS...96.5640M. PMC 21913 . PMID 10318937. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.10.5640 .

[6] Margetuximab. AdisInsight. [2017-02-01]. （原始内容存档于2017-08-28）.

[NCI_Drug_Dictionary-7] Margenza. NCI Drug Dictionary. National Cancer Institute. [2020-12-17]. （原始内容存档于2021-12-15）.

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