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根瘤菌

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根瘤菌属
琼脂平皿上的热带根瘤箘
科学分类 编辑
域: 细菌域 Bacteria
门: 假單胞菌門 Pseudomonadota
纲: α-变形菌纲 Alphaproteobacteria
目: 根瘤菌目 Rhizobiales
科: 根瘤菌科 Rhizobiaceae
属: 根瘤菌属 Rhizobium
Frank, 1889
模式種
Rhizobium leguminosarum
(Frank, 1879) Frank, 1889
Species [1]

See text.

大豆的根瘤,每一个都含有數十億根瘤菌(Bradyrhizobium)。

根瘤菌主要指与豆类作物根部共生形成根瘤并能固氮的细菌,一般指根瘤菌属慢生根瘤菌属;两属都属于根瘤菌目

根瘤菌侵入寄主根内,刺激根部皮层和中柱鞘的某些细胞,引起这些细胞的强烈生长,使根的局部膨大形成根瘤;根瘤菌在根内定居,植物供给根瘤菌以矿物养料和能源,根瘤菌固定大气中游离氮气,为植物提供氮素养料,两者在拮抗寄生关系中处于均衡状态而表现共生现象。

根瘤菌细胞呈杆状,有鞭毛荚膜,鞭毛为正常的活动器官,无芽孢革兰氏染色阴性,属需氧型。在根瘤中生活的菌体形式多种多样,有梨形、棍棒型或T、X、Y等型,这种变形的菌体成为类菌体;类菌体在豆科植物体内不生长繁殖,却能与豆科植物共同固氮,对豆科植物有良好作用。

每种根瘤菌只能与一种或几种植物建立共生关系,如下表:

根瘤菌种类 对应共生植物
苜蓿根瘤菌 苜蓿草木樨
三叶草根瘤菌 三叶草
豌豆根瘤菌 豌豆蚕豆
菜豆根瘤菌 菜豆
紫云英根瘤菌 紫云英
大豆根瘤菌 大豆
豇豆根瘤菌 豇豆花生绿豆赤豆柽麻扁豆刀豆

此外,还有些微生物能同非豆类植物共同形成根瘤固氮,主要是一些放线菌(如:小头木麻黄、赤杨、杨梅)、蓝绿菌(如:苏铁、竹柏、满江红)。

下属物种

根瘤菌属 包括以下物种:

参考资料

  1. ^ J.P. Euzéby. Rhizobium. List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). [2012-05-02]. (原始内容存档于2012年5月23日). 
  2. ^ Hsouna J, Ilahi H, Han JC, Gritli T, Ellouze W, Zhang XX, Mansouri M, Rahi P, El Idrissi MM, Lamrabet M, et al. Rhizobium acaciae sp. nov., a new nitrogen-fixing symbiovar isolated from root nodules of Acacia saligna in Tunisia. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73:5900.
  3. ^ Young JPW, Jorrin B, Moeskjaer S, James EK. Rhizobium brockwellii sp. nov., Rhizobium johnstonii sp. nov. and Rhizobium beringeri sp. nov., three genospecies within the Rhizobium leguminosarum species complex. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73:5979.
  4. ^ Young JPW, Jorrin B, Moeskjaer S, James EK. Rhizobium brockwellii sp. nov., Rhizobium johnstonii sp. nov. and Rhizobium beringeri sp. nov., three genospecies within the Rhizobium leguminosarum species complex. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73:5979.
  5. ^ Rajnovic I, Ramirez-Bahena MH, Kajic S, Igual JM, Peix A, Velazquez E, Sikora S. Rhizobium croatiense sp. nov. and Rhizobium redzepovicii sp. nov., two new species isolated from nodules of Phaseolus vulgaris in Croatia. Syst Appl Microbiol 2022; 45:126317.
  6. ^ Quan, Z. X., Bae, H. S., Baek, J. H., Chen, W. F., Im, W. T., Lee, S. T. (2005). Rhizobium daejeonense sp. nov., isolated from a cyanide treatment bioreactor. Int.J.Syst.Evol.Microbiol. 55 : 2543-2549 . http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16280524
  7. ^ Young JPW, Jorrin B, Moeskjaer S, James EK. Rhizobium brockwellii sp. nov., Rhizobium johnstonii sp. nov. and Rhizobium beringeri sp. nov., three genospecies within the Rhizobium leguminosarum species complex. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73:5979.
  8. ^ Shen L, Liu JJ, Liu PX, An MM, He XW, Zhao GZ. A non-symbiotic novel species, Rhizobium populisoli sp. nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of Populus popularis. Arch Microbiol 2021; 204:50.
  9. ^ Rajnovic I, Ramirez-Bahena MH, Kajic S, Igual JM, Peix A, Velazquez E, Sikora S. Rhizobium croatiense sp. nov. and Rhizobium redzepovicii sp. nov., two new species isolated from nodules of Phaseolus vulgaris in Croatia. Syst Appl Microbiol 2022; 45:126317.
  10. ^ Kuzmanovic N, diCenzo GC, Bunk B, Sproer C, Fruhling A, Neumann-Schaal M, Overmann J, Smalla K. Genomics of the "tumorigenes" clade of the family Rhizobiaceae and description of Rhizobium rhododendri sp. nov. Microbiologyopen 2023; 12:e1352.
  11. ^ Dahal RH, Chaudhary DK, Kim J, Kim D-U, Kim J. Genome insight and description of previously uncultured N2-fixing bacterium Rhizobium terricola sp. nov., isolated from forest rhizospheric soil by using modified culture method. Diversity 2022; 14:733.
  12. ^ Yuan T , Liu L , Huang S ,et al.Rhizobium wuzhouense sp. Nov. isolated from roots of Oryza officinalis[J].International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 2018, 68(9):51.DOI:10.1099/ijsem.0.002921.

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