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根瘤菌

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根瘤菌屬
瓊脂平皿上的熱帶根瘤箘
科學分類 編輯
域: 細菌域 Bacteria
門: 假單胞菌門 Pseudomonadota
綱: α-變形菌綱 Alphaproteobacteria
目: 根瘤菌目 Rhizobiales
科: 根瘤菌科 Rhizobiaceae
屬: 根瘤菌屬 Rhizobium
Frank, 1889
模式種
Rhizobium leguminosarum
(Frank, 1879) Frank, 1889
Species [1]

See text.

大豆的根瘤,每一個都含有數十億根瘤菌(Bradyrhizobium)。

根瘤菌主要指與豆類作物根部共生形成根瘤並能固氮的細菌,一般指根瘤菌屬慢生根瘤菌屬;兩屬都屬於根瘤菌目

根瘤菌侵入寄主根內,刺激根部皮層和中柱鞘的某些細胞,引起這些細胞的強烈生長,使根的局部膨大形成根瘤;根瘤菌在根內定居,植物供給根瘤菌以礦物養料和能源,根瘤菌固定大氣中游離氮氣,為植物提供氮素養料,兩者在拮抗寄生關係中處於均衡狀態而表現共生現象。

根瘤菌細胞呈杆狀,有鞭毛莢膜,鞭毛為正常的活動器官,無芽孢革蘭氏染色陰性,屬需氧型。在根瘤中生活的菌體形式多種多樣,有梨形、棍棒型或T、X、Y等型,這種變形的菌體成為類菌體;類菌體在豆科植物體內不生長繁殖,卻能與豆科植物共同固氮,對豆科植物有良好作用。

每種根瘤菌只能與一種或幾種植物建立共生關係,如下表:

根瘤菌種類 對應共生植物
苜蓿根瘤菌 苜蓿草木樨
三葉草根瘤菌 三葉草
豌豆根瘤菌 豌豆蠶豆
菜豆根瘤菌 菜豆
紫雲英根瘤菌 紫雲英
大豆根瘤菌 大豆
豇豆根瘤菌 豇豆花生綠豆赤豆檉麻扁豆刀豆

此外,還有些微生物能同非豆類植物共同形成根瘤固氮,主要是一些放線菌(如:小頭木麻黃、赤楊、楊梅)、藍綠菌(如:蘇鐵、竹柏、滿江紅)。

下屬物種

根瘤菌屬 包括以下物種:

參考資料

  1. ^ J.P. Euzéby. Rhizobium. List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). [2012-05-02]. (原始內容存檔於2012年5月23日). 
  2. ^ Hsouna J, Ilahi H, Han JC, Gritli T, Ellouze W, Zhang XX, Mansouri M, Rahi P, El Idrissi MM, Lamrabet M, et al. Rhizobium acaciae sp. nov., a new nitrogen-fixing symbiovar isolated from root nodules of Acacia saligna in Tunisia. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73:5900.
  3. ^ Young JPW, Jorrin B, Moeskjaer S, James EK. Rhizobium brockwellii sp. nov., Rhizobium johnstonii sp. nov. and Rhizobium beringeri sp. nov., three genospecies within the Rhizobium leguminosarum species complex. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73:5979.
  4. ^ Young JPW, Jorrin B, Moeskjaer S, James EK. Rhizobium brockwellii sp. nov., Rhizobium johnstonii sp. nov. and Rhizobium beringeri sp. nov., three genospecies within the Rhizobium leguminosarum species complex. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73:5979.
  5. ^ Rajnovic I, Ramirez-Bahena MH, Kajic S, Igual JM, Peix A, Velazquez E, Sikora S. Rhizobium croatiense sp. nov. and Rhizobium redzepovicii sp. nov., two new species isolated from nodules of Phaseolus vulgaris in Croatia. Syst Appl Microbiol 2022; 45:126317.
  6. ^ Quan, Z. X., Bae, H. S., Baek, J. H., Chen, W. F., Im, W. T., Lee, S. T. (2005). Rhizobium daejeonense sp. nov., isolated from a cyanide treatment bioreactor. Int.J.Syst.Evol.Microbiol. 55 : 2543-2549 . http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16280524
  7. ^ Young JPW, Jorrin B, Moeskjaer S, James EK. Rhizobium brockwellii sp. nov., Rhizobium johnstonii sp. nov. and Rhizobium beringeri sp. nov., three genospecies within the Rhizobium leguminosarum species complex. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73:5979.
  8. ^ Shen L, Liu JJ, Liu PX, An MM, He XW, Zhao GZ. A non-symbiotic novel species, Rhizobium populisoli sp. nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of Populus popularis. Arch Microbiol 2021; 204:50.
  9. ^ Rajnovic I, Ramirez-Bahena MH, Kajic S, Igual JM, Peix A, Velazquez E, Sikora S. Rhizobium croatiense sp. nov. and Rhizobium redzepovicii sp. nov., two new species isolated from nodules of Phaseolus vulgaris in Croatia. Syst Appl Microbiol 2022; 45:126317.
  10. ^ Kuzmanovic N, diCenzo GC, Bunk B, Sproer C, Fruhling A, Neumann-Schaal M, Overmann J, Smalla K. Genomics of the "tumorigenes" clade of the family Rhizobiaceae and description of Rhizobium rhododendri sp. nov. Microbiologyopen 2023; 12:e1352.
  11. ^ Dahal RH, Chaudhary DK, Kim J, Kim D-U, Kim J. Genome insight and description of previously uncultured N2-fixing bacterium Rhizobium terricola sp. nov., isolated from forest rhizospheric soil by using modified culture method. Diversity 2022; 14:733.
  12. ^ Yuan T , Liu L , Huang S ,et al.Rhizobium wuzhouense sp. Nov. isolated from roots of Oryza officinalis[J].International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 2018, 68(9):51.DOI:10.1099/ijsem.0.002921.

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