鹿松露屬

鹿松露屬
科學分類
界：	真菌界 Fungi
門：	子囊菌門 Ascomycota
綱：	散囊菌綱 Eurotiomycetes
目：	散囊菌目 Eurotiales
科：	鹿松露科 Elaphomycetaceae
屬：	鹿松露屬 Elaphomyces; Nees (1820)
種
	25 見正文;
異名
	Ascoscleroderma M.Clémencet, 1932; Ceratogaster Corda; Ceraunium Wallr.; Hypogaeum Persoon, 1797; Lycoperdastrum Haller ex Kuntze, 1891; Phymatium Chevallier, 1826;

鹿松露屬（學名：Elaphomyces）也稱大團囊菌屬，是子囊菌門散囊菌綱散囊菌目鹿松露科的一個屬。^[1] 多數物種為外生菌根的共生真菌，與共生植物形成外生菌根。鹿松露與松露是不同的，鹿松露是子囊菌門真菌，其子囊果在地下平均5cm深度，屬於地下真菌（hypogeous fungus），常年生長。松露則是擔子菌門真菌，雖然營養菌絲在地下，但其子囊果在地面之上，因此只能季節性生長。目前發現約50個鹿松露物種。^[2]

在溫帶和亞北極森林生態系統中，鹿松露屬是最重要的外生菌根真菌屬之一。它們是環境中砷污染修復植物，某些鹿松露的砷積累效能達到12–660 mg / kg（以乾重計），而且有機砷的組成很不尋常，主要為甲基砷酸和三甲基砷氧化物。^[3]

鹿松露不能為人類食用，但是野豬或其它小哺乳動物的最愛。^[1]

下屬物種

本屬包括以下物種：^[4]

Elaphomyces aculeatus Vittad.
Elaphomyces adamizans Castellano & T.W.Henkel
Elaphomyces americanus Castellano
Elaphomyces anthracinus Vittad.
Elaphomyces appalachiensis Linder
Elaphomyces asahimontanus Kobayasi
Elaphomyces asperulus Vittad.
Elaphomyces atropurpureus Vittad.
Elaphomyces aurantius Castellano, Trappe & Vernes
Elaphomyces austrogranulatus Castellano, Trappe & Vernes
Elaphomyces barrioi A.Paz, Lavoise & Molia
Elaphomyces bartlettii Castellano & R.B.Stephens
Elaphomyces bollardii Beever, Castellano & Trappe
Elaphomyces borealis Jeppson & E.Larss., 2021
Elaphomyces bucholtzii Saitta, A.Paz, E.Otsing & Tedersoo
Elaphomyces carbonaceus Corner & Hawker
Elaphomyces chlorocarpus Castellano, Trappe & T.Lebel
Elaphomyces cibulae Castellano, Trappe & D.Mitchell
Elaphomyces citrinopapillatus A.Molia, A.Paz & Lavoise
Elaphomyces citrinus Vittad.
Elaphomyces compleximurus Castellano, T.W.Henkel & S.L.Mill.
Elaphomyces cooloolanus Castellano, Trappe & Vernes
Elaphomyces coralloideus Castellano, Trappe & Vernes
Elaphomyces cyanosporus Tul. & C.Tul.
Elaphomyces darjeelingensis K.S.Thind & B.M.Sharma
Elaphomyces decipiens Vittad.
Elaphomyces digitatus Castellano, T.W.Henkel & S.L.Mill.
Elaphomyces favosus Castellano & T.W.Henkel
Elaphomyces fici Tilak & Rokde
Elaphomyces foetidus Vittad.
Elaphomyces fragilisporus S.Imai
粒狀大團囊菌 Elaphomyces granulatus Fr., 1829
Elaphomyces guangdongensis B.C.Zhang
Elaphomyces iuppitercellus Castellano & T.W.Henkel
日本大團囊菌 Elaphomyces japonicus Lloyd
Elaphomyces labyrinthinus Castellano & T.W.Henkel
Elaphomyces laetiluteus Castellano, Trappe & Vernes
Elaphomyces leonis Juste, Faust.García, J.M.Vidal & A.Paz
Elaphomyces leucocarpus Vittad.
Elaphomyces leucosporus Vittad.
Elaphomyces leveillei Tul. & C.Tul.
Elaphomyces loebiae Castellano & T.F.Elliott
Elaphomyces luteicrustus Beever, Castellano & Trappe
Elaphomyces macrosporus Castellano & T.F.Elliott
Elaphomyces maculatus Vittad.
Elaphomyces mitchelliae Castellano & T.F.Elliott
Elaphomyces miyabeanus S.Imai
Elaphomyces morettii Vittad.
Elaphomyces muricatus Fr.
Elaphomyces mutabilis Vittad.
Elaphomyces nemoreus Jeppson, A.Molia & E.Larsson
Elaphomyces neoasperulus Kobayasi
Elaphomyces nikkoensis S.Imai
Elaphomyces nopporensis S.Imai
Elaphomyces nothofagi Castellano, Trappe & Vernes
Elaphomyces officinalis Nees
Elaphomyces oreoides Castellano
Elaphomyces papillatus Vittad.
Elaphomyces pedicellaris Castellano, Trappe & Vernes
Elaphomyces persoonii Vittad.
Elaphomyces porcatosporus B.C.Zhang
Elaphomyces pusillus A.Molia & S.Sivertsen
Elaphomyces putridus Beever, Castellano & Trappe
Elaphomyces queenslandicus Castellano, Trappe & Vernes
Elaphomyces quercicola Ławryn., A.Paz & Lavoise
Elaphomyces remickii Castellano & R.B.Stephens
Elaphomyces reticulosporus B.C.Zhang
Elaphomyces roseolus Setkos, Kaounas, A.Paz, Lavoise & Fern.Rodr.
Elaphomyces roseoviolaceus A.Molia & E.Larsson
Elaphomyces rugosisporus Castellano, Trappe & Vernes
Elaphomyces septatus Vittad.
Elaphomyces shimizuensis Kobayasi
Elaphomyces singaporensis Corner & Hawker
Elaphomyces spinoreticulatus B.C.Zhang & Minter
Elaphomyces spirosporus A.Paz & Lavoise
Elaphomyces subvariegatus S.Imai
Elaphomyces subviscidus (Zeller) Trappe & Guzmán
Elaphomyces suejoyceae Castellano, Trappe & Vernes
Elaphomyces sulphureopallidus Vaček
Elaphomyces symeae Castellano, Trappe & T.Lebel
Elaphomyces timgrovei Castellano, Trappe & Vernes
Elaphomyces titibuensis Kobayasi
Elaphomyces tropicalis Sukarno & Listiyowati
Elaphomyces tuberculatus A-S.Xu
Elaphomyces verrucosus C.W.Dodge
Elaphomyces verruculosus Castellano
Elaphomyces violaceoniger A.Paz, Faust.García & Lavoise
Elaphomyces virgatosporus Hollós
Elaphomyces viridiseptus Trappe & Kimbr.

參看

參考

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 Molia, A., Larsson, E., Jeppson, M., Læssøe, T., & Larsson, K. (2020). Elaphomyces section Elaphomyces (Eurotiales, Ascomycota) — taxonomy and phylogeny of North European taxa, with the introduction of three new species. Fungal Systematics and Evolution, 5, 283 - 300. (PDF).
^ Paz A, Bellanger JM, Lavoise C; et al. The genus Elaphomyces (Ascomycota, Eurotiales): a ribosomal DNA-based phylogeny and revised systematics of European 'deer truffles'. Persoonia. 2017;38:197-239. doi:10.3767/003158517X697309. (PDF).
^ Braeuer, Simone; Borovička, Jan; Goessler, Walter (2018). "A unique arsenic speciation profile in Elaphomyces spp. ("deer truffles")—trimethylarsine oxide and methylarsonous acid as significant arsenic compounds". Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 410 (9): 2283–2290. doi:10.1007/s00216-018-0903-3. ISSN 1618-2642. PMC 5849658. PMID 29430602..
^ Elaphomyces Nees. GBIF. [2022-05-02]. （原始內容存檔於2021-10-17）.

[Molia-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Molia, A., Larsson, E., Jeppson, M., Læssøe, T., & Larsson, K. (2020). Elaphomyces section Elaphomyces (Eurotiales, Ascomycota) — taxonomy and phylogeny of North European taxa, with the introduction of three new species. Fungal Systematics and Evolution, 5, 283 - 300. (PDF).

[2] Paz A, Bellanger JM, Lavoise C; et al. The genus Elaphomyces (Ascomycota, Eurotiales): a ribosomal DNA-based phylogeny and revised systematics of European 'deer truffles'. Persoonia. 2017;38:197-239. doi:10.3767/003158517X697309. (PDF).

[3] Braeuer, Simone; Borovička, Jan; Goessler, Walter (2018). "A unique arsenic speciation profile in Elaphomyces spp. ("deer truffles")—trimethylarsine oxide and methylarsonous acid as significant arsenic compounds". Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 410 (9): 2283–2290. doi:10.1007/s00216-018-0903-3. ISSN 1618-2642. PMC 5849658. PMID 29430602..

[4] Elaphomyces Nees. GBIF. [2022-05-02]. （原始內容存檔於2021-10-17）.

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