克里斯托弗·麦凯

克里斯托弗·麦凯
Christopher McKay
克里斯托弗·麦凯; Christopher McKay
	摄于2005年
出生	Christopher P. McKay; 1954年（69—70岁）
国籍	美国
母校	佛罗里达大西洋大学; 科罗拉多大学
奖项	哈罗德·C·尤里奖（1989）
	科学生涯
研究领域	行星科学
机构	艾姆斯研究中心

克里斯托弗·麦凯（英语：Christopher P. McKay，1954年—^[1]）是一名美国行星科学家，研究行星大气、天体生物学和地球化。麦凯在佛罗里达大西洋大学主修物理学，同时学习机械工程，1975年毕业^[2]^[3]，1982年获得科罗拉多大学天体地球物理学博士学位^[4]^[5]^[6]。

职业生涯

麦凯对行星大气，特别是土卫六^[7]^[8]和火星大气，以及生命的起源和进化进行研究^[9]。他是惠更斯号、凤凰号火星探测器和火星科学实验室的共同研究员。他还在死亡谷、阿他加马沙漠^[10]、阿克塞尔海伯格岛和南极洲冰雪覆盖的湖泊等地对嗜极生物进行实地研究。麦凯是拟议中的火星破冰生命天体生物学任务的首席研究员^[11]。2015年，他获得内华达奖章（英语：Nevada Medal）。

他曾是行星学会董事会成员，还与火星学会合作，并就太空探索和地球化问题撰写文章和发表演讲^[12]^[13]^[14]。他还是微生物心灵论坛的顾问^[15]。

地球化的伦理问题

麦凯在地球化的伦理问题（英语：Ethics of terraforming）上主张适度的生物中心主义立场，认为我们必须先对火星这样的行星进行彻底探索，以发现是否存在微生物生命，然后再采取地球化的第一步；如果在火星上的一个不起眼的角落或休眠状态中发现了本土外星生命，我们就应该清除所有地球生命，并改变火星，以支持这种外星生命在火星上的全球传播^[16]^[17]。他与罗伯特·祖布林（英语：Robert Zubrin）进行了一系列公开辩论，后者在地球化的伦理问题上主张适度的人类中心主义立场^[18]^[19]。

参考资料

^ 5382 McKay (1991 JR2). ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/. [2 March 2021]. （原始内容存档于2021-08-28）. McKay. Discovered 1991 May 8 by R.H.McNaugth at Siding Spring. Named for Christopher P. McKay (b. 1954), sapce scientist and exobiologist ...
^ Edward Silverman, "Scientists' Paths To Eminence: What Are The Turning Points? （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）", The Scientist, Vol:6, #2, 20 January 1992.
^ Christopher McKay | Academic Influence. academicinfluence.com. [2022-07-20]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-07）（英语）.
^ Chris McKay Planetary Scientist - NASA Quest
^ Many Worlds Symposium. [2012-08-27]. （原始内容存档于2012-10-29）.
^ Mckay. National Space Grant Foundation. [2022-07-20]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-23）（美国英语）.
^ e.g. Photochemically Driven Collapse of Titan's Atmosphere （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Ralph D. Lorenz, Christopher P. McKay, and Jonathan I. Lunine, Science, Vol. 275 pp. 642–644, 31 Jan. 1997
^ Christopher McKay. Science Friday. [2022-07-20]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-07）（美国英语）.
^ Organic Synthesis in Experimental Impact Shocks （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Christopher P. McKay and William J. Borucki, Science, Vo. 276 pp. 390–392, 18 April 1997
^ Microbial Life in the Atacama Desert （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, R. M. Maier, K. P. Drees, J. W. Neilson, D. A. Henderson, J. Quade, J. L. Betancourt;, Rafael Navarro-Gonzalez, Fred A. Rainey, and Christopher P. McKay, Science, Vol. 306 pp. 1289–1290, 19 November 2004
^ Christopher P. McKay; Carol R. Stoker; Brian J. Glass; Arwen I. Davé; Alfonso F. Davila; Jennifer L. Heldmann; Margarita M. Marinova; Alberto G. Fairen; Richard C. Quinn; Kris A. Zacny; Gale Paulsen; Peter H. Smith; Victor Parro; Dale T. Andersen; Michael H. Hecht; Denis Lacelle; Wayne H. Pollard. The Icebreaker Life Mission to Mars: A Search for Biomolecular Evidence for Life. Astrobiology. April 5, 2013, 13 (4): 334–353. Bibcode:2013AsBio..13..334M. PMID 23560417. S2CID 21073805. doi:10.1089/ast.2012.0878.
^ Haynes, R. H.; McKay, C. P. The Implantation of Life on Mars: Feasibility and Motivation. Adv. Space Res. 1992, 12 (4): 133–140. Bibcode:1992AdSpR..12d.133H. PMID 11538133. doi:10.1016/0273-1177(92)90167-v.
^ C. P. McKay and M. M. Marinova, "The Physics, Biology and Environmental Ethics of Making Mars Habitable", Astrobiology 1, 89–109 (2001).
^ Marinova, M. M.; McKay, C. P.; Hashimoto, H. Radiative-Convective Model of Warming Mars using Artificial Super-Greenhouse Gases. J. Geophys. Res. 2005, 110 (E3): E03002 [2023-09-07]. Bibcode:2005JGRE..110.3002M. doi:10.1029/2004JE002306 . （原始内容存档于2023-09-07）.
^ Microbes Mind Forum – Advisors 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期2014-02-28. (2014)
^ C. P. McKay, "Let's Put Martian Life First", The Planetary Report, XXI(4), 4–5 (2001).
^ McKay, Chris. Planetary Ecosynthesis on Mars: Restoration Ecology and Environmental Ethics (PDF). December 2007 [2017-01-04]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2020-04-01）.
^ C. P. McKay and R. M. Zubrin, "Do Indigenous Martian Bacteria have Precedence over Human Exploration?" in On to Mars: Colonizing a New World (pp. 177–182)
^ R. M. Zubrin and C. P. McKay, "A World for the Winning: The Exploration and Terraforming of Mars", The Planetary Report, XII(5), 16–19 (1992).

外部链接

Video of Chris McKay on The Agenda with Steve Paikin, "Are We Bound for Space?" panel discussion with Chris Hadfield, Lawrence Krauss, Donna Shirley, Karl Schroeder and Robert D. Richards
McKay's Public Lecture on Saturn's Moon Titan （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, part of the Silicon Valley Astronomy Lecture Series

["jpl"-1] 5382 McKay (1991 JR2). ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/. [2 March 2021]. （原始内容存档于2021-08-28）. McKay. Discovered 1991 May 8 by R.H.McNaugth at Siding Spring. Named for Christopher P. McKay (b. 1954), sapce scientist and exobiologist ...

[2] Edward Silverman, "Scientists' Paths To Eminence: What Are The Turning Points? （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）", The Scientist, Vol:6, #2, 20 January 1992.

[3] Christopher McKay | Academic Influence. academicinfluence.com. [2022-07-20]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-07）（英语）.

[4] Chris McKay Planetary Scientist - NASA Quest

[5] Many Worlds Symposium. [2012-08-27]. （原始内容存档于2012-10-29）.

[6] Mckay. National Space Grant Foundation. [2022-07-20]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-23）（美国英语）.

[7] .g. Photochemically Driven Collapse of Titan's Atmosphere （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Ralph D. Lorenz, Christopher P. McKay, and Jonathan I. Lunine, Science, Vol. 275 pp. 642–644, 31 Jan. 1997

[8] Christopher McKay. Science Friday. [2022-07-20]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-07）（美国英语）.

[9] Organic Synthesis in Experimental Impact Shocks （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Christopher P. McKay and William J. Borucki, Science, Vo. 276 pp. 390–392, 18 April 1997

[10] Microbial Life in the Atacama Desert （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, R. M. Maier, K. P. Drees, J. W. Neilson, D. A. Henderson, J. Quade, J. L. Betancourt;, Rafael Navarro-Gonzalez, Fred A. Rainey, and Christopher P. McKay, Science, Vol. 306 pp. 1289–1290, 19 November 2004

[Icebreaker2018-11] Christopher P. McKay; Carol R. Stoker; Brian J. Glass; Arwen I. Davé; Alfonso F. Davila; Jennifer L. Heldmann; Margarita M. Marinova; Alberto G. Fairen; Richard C. Quinn; Kris A. Zacny; Gale Paulsen; Peter H. Smith; Victor Parro; Dale T. Andersen; Michael H. Hecht; Denis Lacelle; Wayne H. Pollard. The Icebreaker Life Mission to Mars: A Search for Biomolecular Evidence for Life. Astrobiology. April 5, 2013, 13 (4): 334–353. Bibcode:2013AsBio..13..334M. PMID 23560417. S2CID 21073805. doi:10.1089/ast.2012.0878.

[12] Haynes, R. H.; McKay, C. P. The Implantation of Life on Mars: Feasibility and Motivation. Adv. Space Res. 1992, 12 (4): 133–140. Bibcode:1992AdSpR..12d.133H. PMID 11538133. doi:10.1016/0273-1177(92)90167-v.

[13] C. P. McKay and M. M. Marinova, "The Physics, Biology and Environmental Ethics of Making Mars Habitable", Astrobiology 1, 89–109 (2001).

[14] Marinova, M. M.; McKay, C. P.; Hashimoto, H. Radiative-Convective Model of Warming Mars using Artificial Super-Greenhouse Gases. J. Geophys. Res. 2005, 110 (E3): E03002 [2023-09-07]. Bibcode:2005JGRE..110.3002M. doi:10.1029/2004JE002306 . （原始内容存档于2023-09-07）.

[15] Microbes Mind Forum – Advisors 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期2014-02-28. (2014)

[16] C. P. McKay, "Let's Put Martian Life First", The Planetary Report, XXI(4), 4–5 (2001).

[17] McKay, Chris. Planetary Ecosynthesis on Mars: Restoration Ecology and Environmental Ethics (PDF). December 2007 [2017-01-04]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2020-04-01）.

[18] C. P. McKay and R. M. Zubrin, "Do Indigenous Martian Bacteria have Precedence over Human Exploration?" in On to Mars: Colonizing a New World (pp. 177–182)

[19] R. M. Zubrin and C. P. McKay, "A World for the Winning: The Exploration and Terraforming of Mars", The Planetary Report, XII(5), 16–19 (1992).

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