反印度情緒
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反印度或反印度情緒（Anti-Indian sentiment）是指敵視印度、印度人和印度文化的行為[1]，通常可以被定義為「因反感印度文化習俗而產生的對印度族裔的負面情緒和行為傾向」[2]。它的反義詞為親印度。
各地反印度情形
南亞
斯里蘭卡
在古代，在斯里蘭卡王的命令下在斯里蘭卡島的斯兵屠殺百萬泰米爾人。[3]印度也被指控支持斯里蘭卡境內的泰米爾少數民族分離主義勢力。[4]印度據稱支持和訓練泰米爾伊蘭猛虎解放組織，[5]插手斯里蘭卡內戰，以及印度軍隊對斯里蘭卡平民實施的屠殺(賈夫納醫院大屠殺)。[6]
孟加拉國
印度與孟加拉國的關係在近年開始惡化。印度在邊境針對孟加拉的殺害事件、法拉卡堰的爭端、印孟飛地等政治爭端造成兩國裂痕。[7]孟加拉國與印度在宗教問題上也惡化了雙方關係。[8]
不丹
印度政府在2013年選舉過程中撤回對不丹的煤油和燃氣補貼，這導致反印度情緒高漲。此外，印度對不丹內政的插手也導致了反印情緒。2017 年 8 月，在洞朗印中對峙的高峰期，不丹前外交大臣夏姆薩蘭就印度干預不丹對外關係的擴張做出了負面回應。 他表示︰「……在擴大與世界其他地區的接觸方面，真正可由不丹決定的空間並不大。印度在意的只是希望不丹不會做出令他驚訝的決定。[9][10]」此外一些印度遊客在不丹的不當行為也引起了當地媒體的抱怨，[11]不丹政府的回應是對印度遊客徵收「可持續發展」費用。[12]
尼泊爾
尼泊爾與印度存在領土爭端以及佛陀出生地的文化爭端。另外印度經常對尼泊爾內部問題的干預也造成尼泊爾人的反感。2015年印度封鎖尼泊爾一事更激起強烈的反印情緒，推特上的#BackoffIndia 標籤被世界各地的尼泊爾支持者使用，指責印度政府干涉尼泊爾內政。[13]
馬爾代夫
巴基斯坦
東亞
緬甸
緬甸人對印度人的種族仇恨，使得緬甸暴徒在緬甸大規模反印騷亂中，緬甸人用斧砍達羅毗荼童的頭被砍死。[14]一名英國官員親眼目睹一名緬甸暴徒用斧頭砸爛印度兒童頭被砸到死。[15]
緬甸人對印度人的種族仇恨，使得緬甸暴徒在緬甸大規模反印騷亂中，緬甸人用斧砸達羅毗荼兒童的頭被砸死。[16]一名英國官員親眼目睹一名緬甸暴徒用斧頭砸印度童頭被砸到死。[17]
緬甸人對印度人的種族仇恨，使得緬甸暴徒在緬甸大規模反印騷亂中，緬甸人用斧砸印度童的頭被砍死。[18]一名英國官員親眼目睹一名緬甸暴徒用斧頭砸印度兒童頭被砸到死。[19]
緬甸人對印度人的種族仇恨，使得緬甸暴徒在緬甸大規模反印騷亂中，緬甸人用斧砍印度兒童的頭被砍死。[20]一名英國官員親眼目睹一名緬甸暴徒用斧頭砸印度兒童頭被砸到死。[21]
馬來西亞
新加坡
兩岸三地
中國大陸
中國及印度自自1950年代起及因邊境問題多次爆發爭執，更在1964年爆發戰爭，雙方至今依舊互不信任。[22]
台灣
腳註
- ^ What does ‘anti-Indian’ mean?. sunday-guardian.com. [2015-09-22]. （原始內容存檔於2017-08-15）.
- ^ Ali Mazrui, "The De-Indianisation of Uganda: Does it require an Educational Revolution?" paper delivered to the East African Universities Social Science Council Conference, 19–23 December 1972, Nairobi, Kenya, p.3.
- ^ 存档副本. [2021-12-27]. （原始內容存檔於2021-12-27）.
- ^ Indo-Lanka Relationships. sangam.org. [2022-12-29]. （原始內容存檔於2022-05-26）.
- ^ Brewster, David, Maritime South Asia, India's Ocean: The Story of India's Bid for Regional Leadership, Taylor & Francis, 2014, ISBN 978-1-317-80698-1
- ^ Somasundaram, Daya; Jamunanantha, CS (2002). de Jong, Joop, ed. Trauma, War, and Violence: Public Mental Health in Socio-Cultural Context. Springer. p. 213. ISBN 978-0-30646709-7.
- ^ Why Bangladesh hates India. Rediff.com. 31 December 2004 [14 April 2012]. （原始內容存檔於2022-12-29）.
- ^ The Hindu Minority in Bangladesh: Legally Identified Enemies （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, Human Rights Documentation Centre
- ^ India's Real Problem Lies in its Bhutan Policy, Not the Border. [2022-12-29]. （原始內容存檔於2023-02-07）.
- ^ As Bhutan gears up for its third general election, many wonder if India will interfere again. [2022-12-29]. （原始內容存檔於2022-12-29）.
- ^ NIDUP GYELTSHEN and PHUNTSHO WANGDI. Bhutan's neighbors 'undermining' elite tourism strategy. Nikkei Asia. July 28, 2019 [9 June 2022]. （原始內容存檔於9 June 2022）.
- ^ Srikanth, H.; Majumdar, Munmun. Linking India and Eastern Neighbours: Development in the Northeast and Borderlands. SAGE Publishing India. 2021-07-05: 77. ISBN 978-93-91370-77-0 （英語）.
- ^ Parashar, Utpal. BackOffIndia! Nepal protesters slam 'interference' over statute. Hindustan Times. 23 September 2015 [12 December 2015]. （原始內容存檔於2022-12-29）.
- ^ Burma Retrospect and Other Sketches - Page 15 quote: Shooting in once quiet little Burma towns. A rioter with blood pouring from his thigh. An Indian child's head was smashed by an axe, lying on a littered railway platform
- ^ Burma Retrospect and Other Sketches - Page 15 quote: Shooting in once quiet little Burma towns. A rioter with blood pouring from his thigh. An Indian child's head was smashed by an axe, lying on a littered railway platform
- ^ Burma Retrospect and Other Sketches - Page 15 quote: Shooting in once quiet little Burma towns. A rioter with blood pouring from his thigh. An Indian child's head was smashed by an axe, lying on a littered railway platform
- ^ Burma Retrospect and Other Sketches - Page 15 quote: Shooting in once quiet little Burma towns. A rioter with blood pouring from his thigh. An Indian child's head was smashed by an axe, lying on a littered railway platform
- ^ Burma Retrospect and Other Sketches - Page 15 quote: Shooting in once quiet little Burma towns. A rioter with blood pouring from his thigh. An Indian child's head was smashed by an axe, lying on a littered railway platform
- ^ Burma Retrospect and Other Sketches - Page 15 quote: Shooting in once quiet little Burma towns. A rioter with blood pouring from his thigh. An Indian child's head was smashed by an axe, lying on a littered railway platform
- ^ Burma Retrospect and Other Sketches - Page 15 quote: Shooting in once quiet little Burma towns. A rioter with blood pouring from his thigh. An Indian child's head was smashed by an axe, lying on a littered railway platform
- ^ Burma Retrospect and Other Sketches - Page 15 quote: Shooting in once quiet little Burma towns. A rioter with blood pouring from his thigh. An Indian child's head was smashed by an axe, lying on a littered railway platform
- ^ Krishnan, Ananth. News Analysis: With media blitz, China crafts new narrative on border crisis. The Hindu. 20 February 2021 [21 February 2021]. （原始內容存檔於2022-12-31）.
拓展閱讀
- Thomas R. Trautmann, Aryans and British India, University of California Press (1997), ISBN 0-520-20546-4, (chapter 4: British Indophobia)
- 伊迪·阿敏 & Indophobia: General Amin and the Indian Exodus from Uganda（頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） by Hasu H. Patel, Issue: A Journal of Opinion, Vol. 2, No. 4 (Winter, 1972), pp. 12–22. JSTOR 1166488
外部連結
查看維基詞典中的詞條「Indophobia」。
- Islamic Resurgence in Bangladesh: Genesis, Dynamics and Implications（頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） by Taj I. Hashmi, apcss.org.
- Terror sans Frontiers: Islamic Militancy in North East India by Jaideep Saikia, acdis.illinois.edu, July 2003.
- What does 『anti-Indian』 mean?（頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） by Zafar Sobhan, The Sunday Guardian.
- Australia and anti-Indian violence（頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, The Economist, 18 June 2009.
- America's New Anti-India Backlash（頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） by David J. Karl, Bloomberg Businessweek, 13 May 2010.
- Religion and Anti-Indianism in Pakistan（頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） by Yoginder Sikand, NewAgeIslam.com, 31 December 2010.
- Bangladesh’s anti-Indian gun running and insurgent havens persist by Dr. Subhash Kapila, southasiaanalysis.org, 29 April 2004.
- Why are some Bangladeshis anti-Indian?（頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） by Habibul Haque Khondker, The Daily Star (Bangladesh), 24 July 2009.
- Rethinking anti-Indianism in Nepal by Trailokya Raj Aryal, MyRepublica, 25 April 2010.
- 『Increasing Anti-Indianism in Nepal: Myth or Reality』（頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, Telegraphnepal.com.
- India can afford anti-Indianism（頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） by S. Prasannarajan, 今日印度, 10 December 2010.
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