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Dei, George J. Sefa; Hilowle, Shukri. Cartographies of Race and Social Difference. Springer. 2018-12-04: 40. ISBN 9783319970769（英语）. Concurrent with the “model minority” stereotype is the view of Asian Americans as “perpetual foreigners” who are permanent outsiders to the norms of North American culture and the dominant inner circle. As argued by Omi (2008), “this image is reflective of the process of racializing people in terms of their presumed affiliation with foreign places” (par. 7). This perpetual foreigner view is demonstrated in a survey by Kang (2001) which showed that 28% of Americans believed that Chinese Americans were more loyal to China than the United States.(...) This example serves to demonstrate that the “perpetual foreigner” stereotype is not just applied to recent Asian immigrant groups but also to fourth-generation Asian immigrants who have gained a certain level of economic success in Canada.
