Myrmosaulus
Myrmosaulus
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| 紅頭弓背蟻的小型工蟻 | |
科學分類 
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| 界： | 動物界 Animalia |
| 門： | 節肢動物門 Arthropoda |
| 綱： | 昆蟲綱 Insecta |
| 目： | 膜翅目 Hymenoptera |
| 科： | 蟻科 Formicidae |
| 屬： | 弓背蟻屬 Camponotus |
| 亞屬： | Myrmosaulus Myrmosaulus Wheeler, W.M., 1921 |
| 模式種 | |
| Camponotus cinerascens (Fabricius, 1787)
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| 物種 | |
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見內文 | |
| 多樣性 | |
| 12種 | |
Myrmosaulus是弓背蟻屬之下的一個亞屬，英文稱為「Monster-head Carpenter Ants」 （意譯為：怪物頭木匠蟻）。由Wheeler於1921年描述。[1][2]
描述
該亞屬物種從大型至中型；二態性明顯。 頭部一般側緣圓潤，後緣凹陷；小頭有側緣筆直或圓形，後緣凸起或尖狀（導彈形），一些物種的末端為頸部，如巨人恐蟻（Dinomyrmex gigas）和一些Tanaemyrmex屬的物種。前緣產生矩形或圓形葉，類似Tanaemyrmex。 下頜骨沿咀嚼邊緣有 6-8 個簡單齒;齒狀物有時沿基緣出現。 柄節略長於後頭緣，即使在大種中也是如此。 在工蟻中，中體背側呈圓形;後吻合線深至輕微壓痕；在前一種情況下，前足形狀為圓形凸起;後鼻氣孔在中體背側非常明顯。 葉柄通常或多或少呈結節狀。 花序和脛骨有細小的白色毛（除了 C. aurocinctus（註：C. aurocinctus被Shattuck & McArthur (2002) 轉移到未排名的wiederckehri組]。[2]
特點
該亞屬的大部分工蟻的中並胸腹節在與並胸腹節之間都會有凹陷，且並胸腹節後部微凸起。[2] 該亞屬部分物種的大型工蟻的頭部具有極度特化現象。
下屬物種
該亞屬包括以下12個成員：
- 金腹弓背蟻 Camponotus auriventris Emery, 1889 [3]
- 金環弓背蟻 Camponotus aurocinctus (Smith, F., 1858) [4]
- Camponotus batesii Forel, 1895 [5]
- Camponotus camelinus (Smith, F., 1857)
- 絲毛弓背蟻 Camponotus holosericeus Emery, 1889 中華弓背蟻
- 無畏弓背蟻 Camponotus intrepidus (Kirby, W., 1819) 勇敢弓背蟻
- Camponotus leae Wheeler, W.M., 1915
- Camponotus molossus Forel, 1907
- 紅頭弓背蟻 Camponotus singularis (Smith, F., 1858) [6]
- Camponotus singularis rufomaculatus Donisthorpe, 1941 [7]
- 滿絨弓背蟻 Camponotus suffusus (Smith, F., 1858) [8]
- Camponotus suffusus bendigensis Forel, 1902 [9]
- Camponotus versicolor Clark, 1930
- Camponotus whitei Wheeler, W.M., 1915
參考文獻
- ^ Wheeler, W. M. 1921a. Professor Emery's subgenera of the genus Camponotus Mayr. Psyche (Camb.) 28: 16-19 (page 18, Myrmosaulus as subgenus of Camponotus)
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Emery, C. 1925d. Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Formicinae. Genera Insectorum 183: 1-302 (page 112, Myrmosaulus as subgenus of Camponotus)
- ^ Jaitrong W.; Nabhitabhata, J. 2005. A list of known ant species of Thailand. The Thailand Natural History Museum Journal 1(1): 9-54.
- ^ Wheeler, W. M. 1922i. Ants of the American Museum Congo expedition. A contribution to the myrmecology of Africa. VII. Keys to the genera and subgenera of ants. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 45: 631-710 (page 705, combination in C. (Myrmosaulus))
- ^ Bolton, B. 1995b. A new general catalogue of the ants of the world. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 504 pp. (page 88, catalogue)
- ^ 吳堅.王常祿.中國螞蟻.北京:中國林業出版社.1995.
- ^ Donisthorpe, H. 1941k. Descriptions of new ants (Hym., Formicidae) from various localities. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 11(8): 199-210 (page 208, soldier, worker d*Yamane, S., Tanaka, H.O., Hasimoto, Y., Ohashi, M., Meleng, P., Itioka, T. 2021. A list of ants from Lambir Hills National Park and its vicinity, with their biological information: Part II. Subfamilies Leptanillinae, Proceratiinae, Amblyoponinae, Ponerinae, Dorylinae, Dolichoderinae, Ectatomminae and Formicinae. Contributions from the Biological Laboratory, Kyoto University 31, 87–157.
- ^ Emery, C. 1925d. Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Formicinae. Genera Insectorum 183: 1-302 (page 114, Combination in C. (Myrmosaulus))
- ^ Crawley, W. C. 1921. New and little-known species of ants from various localities. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (9)7:87-97. PDF