镤的同位素
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标准原子质量 (Ar, 标准) |
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镤的同位素均具有放射性,其中最稳定的为231Pa,质量数在231以下的同位素主要发生α衰变生成锕,而质量数超过231的主要发生β衰变生成铀。
图表
符号 | 历史 名称 |
Z( p ) |
N( n ) |
同位素质量(u) | 半衰期 | 衰变 方式[2][n 1] |
衰变 产物[n 2] |
原子核 自旋 |
相对丰度 (莫耳分率) |
相对丰度 (莫耳分率) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
激发能量 | ||||||||||
212Pa | 91 | 121 | 212.02320(8) | 8(5) ms [5.1(+61−19) ms] |
7+# | |||||
213Pa | 91 | 122 | 213.02111(8) | 7(3) ms [5.3(+40−16) ms] |
α | 209Ac | 9/2−# | |||
214Pa | 91 | 123 | 214.02092(8) | 17(3) ms | α | 210Ac | ||||
215Pa | 91 | 124 | 215.01919(9) | 14(2) ms | α | 211Ac | 9/2−# | |||
216Pa | 91 | 125 | 216.01911(8) | 105(12) ms | α (80%) | 212Ac | ||||
β+ (20%) | 216Th | |||||||||
217Pa | 91 | 126 | 217.01832(6) | 3.48(9) ms | α | 213Ac | 9/2−# | |||
217mPa | 1860(7) keV | 1.08(3) ms | α | 213Ac | 29/2+# | |||||
IT (不常见) | 217Pa | |||||||||
218Pa | 91 | 127 | 218.020042(26) | 0.113(1) ms | α | 214Ac | ||||
219Pa | 91 | 128 | 219.01988(6) | 53(10) ns | α | 215Ac | 9/2− | |||
β+ (5×10−9%) | 219Th | |||||||||
220Pa | 91 | 129 | 220.02188(6) | 780(160) ns | α | 216Ac | 1−# | |||
221Pa | 91 | 130 | 221.02188(6) | 4.9(8) µs | α | 217Ac | 9/2− | |||
222Pa | 91 | 131 | 222.02374(8)# | 3.2(3) ms | α | 218Ac | ||||
223Pa | 91 | 132 | 223.02396(8) | 5.1(6) ms | α | 219Ac | ||||
β+ (.001%) | 223Th | |||||||||
224Pa | 91 | 133 | 224.025626(17) | 844(19) ms | α (99.9%) | 220Ac | 5−# | |||
β+ (.1%) | 224Th | |||||||||
225Pa | 91 | 134 | 225.02613(8) | 1.7(2) s | α | 221Ac | 5/2−# | |||
226Pa | 91 | 135 | 226.027948(12) | 1.8(2) min | α (74%) | 222Ac | ||||
β+ (26%) | 226Th | |||||||||
227Pa | 91 | 136 | 227.028805(8) | 38.3(3) min | α (85%) | 223Ac | (5/2−) | |||
ε (15%) | 227Th | |||||||||
228Pa | 91 | 137 | 228.031051(5) | 22(1) h | β+ (98.15%) | 228Th | 3+ | |||
α (1.85%) | 224Ac | |||||||||
229Pa | 91 | 138 | 229.0320968(30) | 1.50(5) d | ε (99.52%) | 229Th | (5/2+) | |||
α (.48%) | 225Ac | |||||||||
229mPa | 11.6(3) keV | 420(30) ns | 3/2− | |||||||
230Pa | 91 | 139 | 230.034541(4) | 17.4(5) d | β+ (91.6%) | 230Th | (2−) | |||
β− (8.4%) | 230U | |||||||||
α (.00319%) | 226Ac | |||||||||
231Pa | Protoactinium | 91 | 140 | 231.0358840(24) | 3.276(11)×104 y | α | 227Ac | 3/2− | 1.0000[n 3] | |
CD (1.34×10−9%) | 207Tl 24Ne | |||||||||
SF (3×10−10%) | (various) | |||||||||
CD (10−12%) | 208Pb 23F | |||||||||
232Pa | 91 | 141 | 232.038592(8) | 1.31(2) d | β− | 232U | (2−) | |||
ε (.003%) | 232Th | |||||||||
233Pa | 91 | 142 | 233.0402473(23) | 26.975(13) d | β− | 233U | 3/2− | |||
234Pa | Uranium Z | 91 | 143 | 234.043308(5) | 6.70(5) h | β− | 234U | 4+ | Trace[n 4] | |
SF (3×10−10%) | (various) | |||||||||
234mPa | Uranium X2 Brevium |
78(3) keV | 1.17(3) min | β− (99.83%) | 234U | (0−) | Trace[n 4] | |||
IT (.16%) | 234Pa | |||||||||
SF (10−10%) | (various) | |||||||||
235Pa | 91 | 144 | 235.04544(5) | 24.44(11) min | β− | 235U | (3/2−) | |||
236Pa | 91 | 145 | 236.04868(21) | 9.1(1) min | β− | 236U | 1(−) | |||
β−, SF (6×10−8%) | (various) | |||||||||
237Pa | 91 | 146 | 237.05115(11) | 8.7(2) min | β− | 237U | (1/2+) | |||
238Pa | 91 | 147 | 238.05450(6) | 2.27(9) min | β− | 238U | (3−)# | |||
β−, SF (2.6×10−6%) | (various) | |||||||||
239Pa | 91 | 148 | 239.05726(21)# | 1.8(5) h | β− | 239U | (3/2)(−#) | |||
240Pa | 91 | 149 | 240.06098(32)# | 2# min | β− | 240U |
备注:画上#号的数据代表没有经过实验的证明,只是理论推测而已,而用括号括起来的代表数据不确定性。
← | 同位素列表 | → |
钍的同位素 | 镤的同位素 | 铀的同位素 |
注释
- ^ Abbreviations:
CD: Cluster decay
EC: Electron capture
IT: Isomeric transition
SF: Spontaneous fission - ^ Stable isotopes in bold
- ^ Intermediate decay product of 235U
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Intermediate decay product of 238U
参考文献
- ^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2022-05-04. ISSN 1365-3075. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603 (英语).
- ^ Universal Nuclide Chart. nucleonica. [2015-11-03]. (原始内容存档于2017-02-19).
- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.
元素与同位素的稳定度 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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