鋨的同位素
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
標準原子質量 (Ar, 標準) |
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
锇(76Os)有七种天然存在的同位素,其中五种稳定,分别是187Os、188Os、189Os、190Os和最常见的192Os。另外两种同位素184Os和186Os虽然有放射性,但它们极长的半衰期(分别为1.12×1013年和2×1015年)使它们在实际用途中可以看作是稳定同位素。作为187Re(半衰期4.56×1010年)衰变产物的187Os可在铼锇测年法中测量陨石的年龄。
除了七种天然存在的同位素以外,锇还有30种人造同位素,[3]其中最长寿的是半衰期六年的194Os。锇还有九种同核异构体,其中191mOs最稳定,半衰期13.10小时。锇所有的同位素理论上都有放射性,但仍未被观测到。
圖表
符號 | Z( p ) |
N( n ) |
同位素質量(u) | 半衰期[n 1] | 衰變 方式[4] |
衰變 產物[n 2] |
原子核 自旋 |
相對豐度 (莫耳分率) |
相對豐度 (莫耳分率) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
激發能量 | |||||||||
161Os | 76 | 85 | 0.64(6) ms | α | 157W | ||||
162Os | 76 | 86 | 161.98443(54)# | 1.87(18) ms | α | 158W | 0+ | ||
163Os | 76 | 87 | 162.98269(43)# | 5.5(6) ms | α | 159W | 7/2−# | ||
β+, p (不常見) | 162W | ||||||||
β+ (不常見) | 163Re | ||||||||
164Os | 76 | 88 | 163.97804(22) | 21(1) ms | α (98%) | 160W | 0+ | ||
β+ (2%) | 164Re | ||||||||
165Os | 76 | 89 | 164.97676(22)# | 71(3) ms | α (60%) | 161W | (7/2−) | ||
β+ (40%) | 165Re | ||||||||
166Os | 76 | 90 | 165.972691(20) | 216(9) ms | α (72%) | 162W | 0+ | ||
β+ (28%) | 166Re | ||||||||
167Os | 76 | 91 | 166.97155(8) | 810(60) ms | α (67%) | 163W | 3/2−# | ||
β+ (33%) | 167Re | ||||||||
168Os | 76 | 92 | 167.967804(13) | 2.06(6) s | β+ (51%) | 168Re | 0+ | ||
α (49%) | 164W | ||||||||
169Os | 76 | 93 | 168.967019(27) | 3.40(9) s | β+ (89%) | 169Re | 3/2−# | ||
α (11%) | 165W | ||||||||
170Os | 76 | 94 | 169.963577(12) | 7.46(23) s | β+ (91.4%) | 170Re | 0+ | ||
α (8.6%) | 176W | ||||||||
171Os | 76 | 95 | 170.963185(20) | 8.3(2) s | β+ (98.3%) | 171Re | (5/2−) | ||
α (1.7%) | 167W | ||||||||
172Os | 76 | 96 | 171.960023(16) | 19.2(5) s | β+ (98.9%) | 172Re | 0+ | ||
α (1.1%) | 168W | ||||||||
173Os | 76 | 97 | 172.959808(16) | 22.4(9) s | β+ (99.6%) | 173Re | (5/2−) | ||
α (.4%) | 169W | ||||||||
174Os | 76 | 98 | 173.957062(12) | 44(4) s | β+ (99.97%) | 174Re | 0+ | ||
α (.024%) | 170W | ||||||||
175Os | 76 | 99 | 174.956946(15) | 1.4(1) min | β+ | 175Re | (5/2−) | ||
176Os | 76 | 100 | 175.95481(3) | 3.6(5) min | β+ | 176Re | 0+ | ||
177Os | 76 | 101 | 176.954965(17) | 3.0(2) min | β+ | 177Re | 1/2− | ||
178Os | 76 | 102 | 177.953251(18) | 5.0(4) min | β+ | 178Re | 0+ | ||
179Os | 76 | 103 | 178.953816(19) | 6.5(3) min | β+ | 179Re | (1/2−) | ||
180Os | 76 | 104 | 179.952379(22) | 21.5(4) min | β+ | 180Re | 0+ | ||
181Os | 76 | 105 | 180.95324(3) | 105(3) min | β+ | 181Re | 1/2− | ||
181m1Os | 48.9(2) keV | 2.7(1) min | β+ | 181Re | (7/2)− | ||||
181m2Os | 156.5(7) keV | 316(18) ns | (9/2)+ | ||||||
182Os | 76 | 106 | 181.952110(23) | 22.10(25) h | ε | 182Re | 0+ | ||
183Os | 76 | 107 | 182.95313(5) | 13.0(5) h | β+ | 183Re | 9/2+ | ||
183mOs | 170.71(5) keV | 9.9(3) h | β+ (85%) | 183Re | 1/2− | ||||
IT (15%) | 183Os | ||||||||
184Os | 76 | 108 | 183.9524891(14) | 1.12(23)×1013 y[1] | α[n 3] | 180W | 0+ | 2(1)×10−4 | |
185Os | 76 | 109 | 184.9540423(14) | 93.6(5) d | ε | 185Re | 1/2− | ||
185m1Os | 102.3(7) keV | 3.0(4) µs | (7/2−)# | ||||||
185m2Os | 275.7(8) keV | 0.78(5) µs | (11/2+) | ||||||
186Os[n 4] | 76 | 110 | 185.9538382(15) | 2.0(11)×1015 y | α | 182W | 0+ | 0.0159(3) | |
187Os[n 5] | 76 | 111 | 186.9557505(15) | 觀測上穩定[n 6] | 1/2− | 0.0196(2) | |||
188Os[n 5] | 76 | 112 | 187.9558382(15) | 觀測上穩定[n 7] | 0+ | 0.1324(8) | |||
189Os | 76 | 113 | 188.9581475(16) | 觀測上穩定[n 8] | 3/2− | 0.1615(5) | |||
189mOs | 30.812(15) keV | 5.81(6) h | IT | 189Os | 9/2− | ||||
190Os | 76 | 114 | 189.9584470(16) | 觀測上穩定[n 9] | 0+ | 0.2626(2) | |||
190mOs | 1705.4(2) keV | 9.9(1) min | IT | 190Os | (10)− | ||||
191Os | 76 | 115 | 190.9609297(16) | 15.4(1) d | β− | 191Ir | 9/2− | ||
191mOs | 74.382(3) keV | 13.10(5) h | IT | 191Os | 3/2− | ||||
192Os | 76 | 116 | 191.9614807(27) | 觀測上穩定[n 10] | 0+ | 0.4078(19) | |||
192mOs | 2015.40(11) keV | 5.9(1) s | IT (87%) | 192Os | (10−) | ||||
β− (13%) | 192Ir | ||||||||
193Os | 76 | 117 | 192.9641516(27) | 30.11(1) h | β− | 193Ir | 3/2− | ||
194Os | 76 | 118 | 193.9651821(28) | 6.0(2) y | β− | 194Ir | 0+ | ||
195Os | 76 | 119 | 194.96813(54) | 6.5 min | β− | 195Ir | 3/2−# | ||
196Os | 76 | 120 | 195.96964(4) | 34.9(2) min | β− | 196Ir | 0+ | ||
197Os | 76 | 121 | 2.8(6) min |
備註:畫上#號的數據代表沒有經過實驗的証明,只是理論推測而已,而用括號括起來的代表數據不確定性。
← | 同位素列表 | → |
錸的同位素 | 鋨的同位素 | 銥的同位素 |
註釋
- ^ 半衰期超过宇宙年龄的同位素以粗体显示
- ^ 稳定同位素以粗体显示
- ^ 理论上也会双β衰变成184W
- ^ 原生放射性同位素
- ^ 5.0 5.1 用于铼锇测年法
- ^ 理论上会α衰变成183W
- ^ 理论上会α衰变成184W
- ^ 理论上会α衰变成185W
- ^ 理论上会α衰变成186W
- ^ 理论上会α衰变成188W,或是双β衰变成192Pt
参考文獻
- ^ 1.0 1.1 Peters, Stefan T.M.; Münker, Carsten; Becker, Harry; Schulz, Toni. Alpha-decay of 184Os revealed by radiogenic 180W in meteorites: Half life determination and viability as geochronometer. Earth and Planetary Science Letters. April 2014, 391: 69–76. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2014.01.030.
- ^ Meija, Juris; et al. Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2016, 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
- ^ Flegenheimer, Juan. The mystery of the disappearing isotope. Revista Virtual de Química. 2014, 6 (4): 1139–1142. doi:10.5935/1984-6835.20140073 .
- ^ Universal Nuclide Chart. nucleonica. [2015-10-06]. (原始内容存档于2017-02-19).
- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683-800, (2003) and Atomic Weights Revised (2005) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.
元素與同位素的穩定度 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|