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中期记忆

维基百科,自由的百科全书

中期记忆 (英语:Intermediate-term memory)是记忆的一个阶段,不同于感觉记忆短期记忆/工作记忆,和长期记忆[1][2] 闪光灯记忆能维持几毫秒, 工作记忆能维持到三十秒,长期记忆能维持三十分钟到一个人生命的结束,中期记忆能维持两到三小时。[3] 这些记忆处理的持续时间中,这些记忆的重叠意味著它们同时发生,而不是依次发生。 事实上,记忆成为中期记忆可以在长期没有回忆的情况下产生。[4] 然而,这些记忆形式之间的界限并不明确,它们可能因事件而异。[5] 中期记忆被认为是由海马皮质所记忆的。[6]

在1993年, 罗森茨维格及其同事在用厌恶刺激调理的大鼠中证明了它,避免遭受厌恶刺激的大鼠的百分比(并暗示了刺激物的厌恶性质的记忆)分别于一分钟后,十五分钟后以及六十分钟后到达极值[7] 理论上这些下降对应于老鼠从工作记忆切换到中期记忆的时间点,从中期记忆到长期记忆的早期阶段, 以及从长期记忆的早期阶段到长期记忆的晚期阶段,从而表明存在著在工作记忆和长期记忆之间存在的一种形式的记忆,这被称为“中期记忆”。

虽然中期记忆的观念自1990年代以来一直存在,萨顿等人于2001年介绍了海兔 中期记忆神经相关性的新颖理论,在那里他们将其描述为中期简易化的主要行为表现形式。[8]

特征

2001年,萨顿及其同事提出,中期记忆具有以下三个特点:

机制

感应

因为中期记忆不涉及转录, 它可能关于已经存在于神经元中的mRNA转录物的转译。[3][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]

和短期/工作记忆的差异

与短期记忆和工作记忆不同,中期记忆需要发生改变转译方式的动作才能发挥作用。

和长期记忆的差异

虽然中期记忆只需要转译的变化,但若要成为长期记忆,那么也需要改变转录。 [22] 从短期记忆到长期记忆的变化被认为依赖于调节转录的CREB英语CREB,但是由于中期记忆不涉及转录的变化,所以被认为是独立于CREB活动的。[3] 根据萨顿等人在2001年提出的中期记忆的定义 ,CREB在长期记忆被诱导之前是完全消失的。[8]

和年龄相关的中期记忆衰退[23]


参考资料

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  23. ^ Ayako Tonoki, Ronald L. Davis. Aging impairs intermediate-term behavioral memory by disrupting the dorsal paired medial neuron memory trace. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2012-04-17, 109 (16): 6319–6324 [2019-02-13]. ISSN 1091-6490. PMC 3341014可免费查阅. PMID 22474396. doi:10.1073/pnas.1118126109. (原始内容存档于2019-02-20).