中期記憶

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中期記憶 (英語:Intermediate-term memory)是記憶的一個階段,不同於感覺記憶短期記憶/工作記憶,和長期記憶[1][2] 閃光燈記憶能維持幾毫秒, 工作記憶能維持到三十秒,長期記憶能維持三十分鐘到一個人生命的結束,中期記憶能維持兩到三小時。[3] 這些記憶處理的持續時間中,這些記憶的重疊意味著它們同時發生,而不是依次發生。 事實上,記憶成為中期記憶可以在長期沒有回憶的情況下產生。[4] 然而,這些記憶形式之間的界限並不明確,它們可能因事件而異。[5] 中期記憶被認為是由海馬皮質所記憶的。[6]

在1993年, 羅森茨維格及其同事在用厭惡刺激調理的大鼠中證明了它,避免遭受厭惡刺激的大鼠的百分比(並暗示了刺激物的厭惡性質的記憶)分別於一分鐘後,十五分鐘後以及六十分鐘後到達極值[7] 理論上這些下降對應於老鼠從工作記憶切換到中期記憶的時間點,從中期記憶到長期記憶的早期階段, 以及從長期記憶的早期階段到長期記憶的晚期階段,從而表明存在著在工作記憶和長期記憶之間存在的一種形式的記憶,這被稱為“中期記憶”。

雖然中期記憶的觀念自1990年代以來一直存在,薩頓等人於2001年介紹了海兔 中期記憶神經相關性的新穎理論,在那裡他們將其描述為中期簡易化的主要行為表現形式。[8]

特徵

2001年,薩頓及其同事提出,中期記憶具有以下三個特點:

機制

感應

因為中期記憶不涉及轉錄, 它可能關於已經存在於神經元中的mRNA轉錄物的轉譯。[3][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]

和短期/工作記憶的差異

與短期記憶和工作記憶不同,中期記憶需要發生改變轉譯方式的動作才能發揮作用。

和長期記憶的差異

雖然中期記憶只需要轉譯的變化,但若要成為長期記憶,那麼也需要改變轉錄。 [22] 從短期記憶到長期記憶的變化被認為依賴於調節轉錄的CREB英语CREB,但是由於中期記憶不涉及轉錄的變化,所以被認為是獨立於CREB活動的。[3] 根據薩頓等人在2001年提出的中期記憶的定義 ,CREB在長期記憶被誘導之前是完全消失的。[8]

和年齡相關的中期記憶衰退[23]


參考資料

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  23. ^ Ayako Tonoki, Ronald L. Davis. Aging impairs intermediate-term behavioral memory by disrupting the dorsal paired medial neuron memory trace. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2012-04-17, 109 (16): 6319–6324 [2019-02-13]. ISSN 1091-6490. PMC 3341014可免费查阅. PMID 22474396. doi:10.1073/pnas.1118126109. (原始内容存档于2019-02-20).