矽肺

矽肺
同义词	Miner's phthisis, Grinder's asthma, Potter's rot pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis
	罹患矽肺的肺部切片
相似疾病或共病	滑石肺病、黑肺病
分类和外部资源
醫學專科	胸腔醫學
ICD-11	CA60.0
ICD-9-CM	502
DiseasesDB	12117
MedlinePlus	000134
eMedicine	302027
	[编辑此条目的维基数据]

矽肺（英語：Silicosis）又稱矽肺病，是吸入矽塵導致的職業病，其特徵是肺上葉出現結節性病變或瘢痕，為常見塵肺病形式之一^[4]。急性矽肺病症狀為呼吸困难、咳嗽、發燒、發紺。它通常會被誤診為肺水腫、肺炎、结核病。利用工作場所的控制措施，矽肺是一種幾乎可以被完全預防的職業病。^[5]

2013年為止，矽肺導致4萬3千人死亡，低於1990年的五萬人。^[6]

英語中silicosis這一名稱（來自拉丁語 silex，意思為燧石）最初是由米蘭公立醫院的屍體解剖示範者阿基爾·維斯康蒂（Achille Visconti）（1836-1911年）於1870年使用的。^[7]早在古希臘和古羅馬時期，人們就認識到吸入粉塵會導致呼吸系統問題。^[8]16世紀中葉，阿格里科拉就寫到了礦工因吸入粉塵導致的肺部問題。1713年，伯納迪諾·拉馬齊尼（Bernardino Ramazzini）注意到石材切割工人出現哮喘症狀，其肺部出現砂粒般的物質。1720年，煅燒燧石屑作為原材料被引進英國陶瓷工業。不到10年的時間，人們就注意到煅燒燧石屑對工人肺部的負面影響。^[9]

和手工工具相比，隨著工業化的發展，粉塵的產生量也在增加，手提鑽於1897年問世，喷砂於1904年問世，兩者都大大地增加了矽肺病的發病風險。^[10]1938年美國勞工部在當時美国劳工部长弗朗西丝·珀金斯的領導下拍攝了一部名為「制止矽肺病（Stop Silicosis）」的影片，討論了這一項長達一年的全美矽肺病例增加的研究成果。^[11]

來源

^ Jane A. Plant; Nick Voulvoulis; K. Vala Ragnarsdottir. Pollutants, Human Health and the Environment: A Risk Based Approach. John Wiley & Sons. 2012-03-13: 273 [2012-08-24]. ISBN 978-0-470-74261-7. （原始内容存档于31 December 2013）（英语）.
^ Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis. Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. （原始内容存档于2020-03-22）.
^ Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis. Merriam-Webster Dictionary.
^ Derived from Gr. πνεῦμα pneúm|a (lung) + buffer vowel -o- + κόνις kóni|s (dust) + Eng. scient. suff. -osis (like in asbest"osis" and silic"osis", see ref. 10).
^ Prevention of Silicosis Deaths. 2015-07-22 [2024-01-25]. （原始内容存档于2023-04-11）（英语）.
^ GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death, Collaborators. Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.. Lancet. 17 December 2014, 385 (9963): 117–71. PMC 4340604 . PMID 25530442. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2.
^ United States Bureau of Mines, "Bulletin: Volumes 476–478", U.S. G.P.O., (1995), p 63.
^ Rosen G: The History of Miners' Diseases: A Medical and Social Interpretation. New York, Schuman, 1943, pp.459–476.
^ 'The Successful Prevention Of Silicosis Among China Biscuit Workers In The North Staffordshire Potteries.' A. Meiklejohn. British Journal Of Industrial Medicine, October 1963; 20(4): 255–263
^ Diseases associated with exposure to silica and nonfibrous silicate minerals. Silicosis and Silicate Disease Committee. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. July 1988, 112 (7): 673–720. PMID 2838005.
^ Stop Silicosis, [2022-04-21], （原始内容存档于2022-04-21）（英语）

外部連結

Crystalline silica （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, US.
Preventing Silicosis and Deaths in Construction workers （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, US.
OSHA’s Respirable Crystalline Silica Standard for Construction （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, US.

[PlantVoulvoulis2012-1] Jane A. Plant; Nick Voulvoulis; K. Vala Ragnarsdottir. Pollutants, Human Health and the Environment: A Risk Based Approach. John Wiley & Sons. 2012-03-13: 273 [2012-08-24]. ISBN 978-0-470-74261-7. （原始内容存档于31 December 2013）（英语）.

[2] Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis. Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. （原始内容存档于2020-03-22）.

[3] Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis. Merriam-Webster Dictionary.

[4] Derived from Gr. πνεῦμα pneúm|a (lung) + buffer vowel -o- + κόνις kóni|s (dust) + Eng. scient. suff. -osis (like in asbest"osis" and silic"osis", see ref. 10).

[5] Prevention of Silicosis Deaths. 2015-07-22 [2024-01-25]. （原始内容存档于2023-04-11）（英语）.

[GDB2013-6] GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death, Collaborators. Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.. Lancet. 17 December 2014, 385 (9963): 117–71. PMC 4340604 . PMID 25530442. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2.

[7] United States Bureau of Mines, "Bulletin: Volumes 476–478", U.S. G.P.O., (1995), p 63.

[8] Rosen G: The History of Miners' Diseases: A Medical and Social Interpretation. New York, Schuman, 1943, pp.459–476.

[9] 'The Successful Prevention Of Silicosis Among China Biscuit Workers In The North Staffordshire Potteries.' A. Meiklejohn. British Journal Of Industrial Medicine, October 1963; 20(4): 255–263

[ReferenceA-10] Diseases associated with exposure to silica and nonfibrous silicate minerals. Silicosis and Silicate Disease Committee. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. July 1988, 112 (7): 673–720. PMID 2838005.

[11] Stop Silicosis, [2022-04-21], （原始内容存档于2022-04-21）（英语）

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]