皮膚鱗狀細胞癌

皮膚鱗狀細胞癌; Squamous cell skin cancer
	皮膚鱗狀細胞癌
症状	頂端為鱗狀的硬塊，但也可能形成潰瘍
类型	skin carcinoma[*]、鳞状细胞癌、疾病
风险因子	紫外線、日光性角化症（英语：Actinic keratosis）、淺膚色、暴露在有砷的環境、放射線療法、免疫缺陷、人類乳突病毒
診斷方法	組織活檢
相似疾病或共病	Keratoacanthoma（英语：Keratoacanthoma）、日光性角化症（英语：Actinic keratosis）、黑色素瘤、疣、基底細胞癌
預防	減少紫外线曝曬、防曬油
治療	手術移除、放射線療法、化学疗法
预后	一般不錯
盛行率	220萬人（2015年)
死亡數	51,900人（2015年）
分类和外部资源
醫學專科	皮肤病学、整形、耳鼻喉科學
	[编辑此条目的维基数据]

皮膚鱗狀細胞癌（Squamous-cell skin cancer或cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma，簡稱 cSCC）係為一種皮膚癌，和基底細胞癌和黑色素瘤都屬於皮膚癌的主要類型^[10]。皮膚鱗狀細胞癌也是鱗狀細胞癌，外顯狀況通常為頂端為鱗狀的硬塊，但也可能形成潰瘍^[1]。發病往往會長達數月^[4]；相較於基底細胞癌，皮膚鱗狀細胞癌很可能遠端轉移^[11]。

最重大的危險因子是始終高度曝曬於太陽的紫外線之下，其他風險則有淺膚色、舊傷疤和免疫缺陷、罹患日光性角化症（英语：Actinic keratosis）、接觸砷和放射線療法和感染人類乳突病毒^[2]。有關UV射線的影響，總曝曬量的影響大於早期曝曬；日曬床此種紫外線輻射源也愈見普及^[12]。皮膚鱗狀細胞癌先發現於人類皮膚上的上皮組織^[13]。通常診斷是基於皮膚檢查，並輔以活體組織切片來做確診^[2]^[3]。

一般認為最有效的預防方法就是減少曝曬於紫外線之下和使用防曬油^[5]^[6]，典型的治療方式為開刀予以切除。如果皮膚癌部位很小則可以簡單切除；不然會推薦用用莫氏手術（英语：Mohs surgery）來治療^[2]，其他還有冷凍治療（英语：Cryosurgery）和放射線療法。遠端轉移的病例中，或許會採用化學療法或生物治療^[7]。

截至 2015 年，所有年齡層合計有 220 萬患者^[8]，約佔所有皮膚癌患者中的兩成^[14]。美國約有 12% 的男性和 7% 的女性會罹患此病，不限於其任何年齡層^[2]。如果遠端轉移後的預後良好，五年存活率可達 34%^[4]^[5]。2015 年，全球約有 51.9 萬病例死亡^[9]。確診的患者平均年齡約為 66 歲^[4]；皮膚鱗狀細胞癌患者如果接受治療成功痊癒，仍有較高風險發展為其他病症^[2]。

参见

与非黑素瘤皮肤癌风险增加相关的皮肤疾病列表（英语：List of cutaneous conditions associated with increased risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer）

參考資料

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 Lynne M Dunphy. Primary Care: The Art and Science of Advanced Practice Nursing. F.A. Davis. 2011: 242 [2019-06-11]. ISBN 9780803626478. （原始内容存档于2021-02-02）.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 ^2.6 ^2.7 Gandhi, Sumul Ashok; Kampp, Jeremy. Skin Cancer Epidemiology, Detection, and Management. The Medical Clinics of North America. 2015-11, 99 (6) [2022-07-28]. ISSN 1557-9859. PMID 26476255. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2015.06.002. （原始内容存档于2022-04-23）.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Skin Cancer Treatment. National Cancer Institute. 21 June 2017 [2 July 2017]. （原始内容存档于2017-07-04）（英语）.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 Ferri, Fred F. Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2017 E-Book: 5 Books in 1. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2016: 1199 [2 July 2017]. ISBN 9780323448383. （原始内容存档于2017-08-29）（英语）.
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 World Cancer Report 2014.. World Health Organization. 2014: Chapter 5.14. ISBN 9283204298.
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 Jou, Paul C.; Feldman, Ron J.; Tomecki, Kenneth J. UV protection and sunscreens: What to tell patients. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine. 2012-06-01, 79 (6) [2022-07-28]. ISSN 0891-1150. PMID 22660875. doi:10.3949/ccjm.79a.11110. （原始内容存档于2022-09-02）（英语）.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 Skin Cancer Treatment. National Cancer Institute. 21 June 2017 [2 July 2017]. （原始内容存档于2017-07-04）（英语）.
^ ^8.0 ^8.1 Vos, Theo; Allen, Christine; Arora, Megha; Barber, Ryan M.; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.; Brown, Alexandria; Carter, Austin; Casey, Daniel C.; Charlson, Fiona J.; Chen, Alan Z.; Coggeshall, Megan. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. The Lancet. 2016-10-08, 388 (10053) [2022-07-28]. ISSN 0140-6736. PMC 5055577 . PMID 27733282. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6. （原始内容存档于2019-12-07）（英语）.
^ ^9.0 ^9.1 Wang, Haidong; Naghavi, Mohsen; Allen, Christine; Barber, Ryan M.; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.; Carter, Austin; Casey, Daniel C.; Charlson, Fiona J.; Chen, Alan Zian; Coates, Matthew M.; Coggeshall, Megan. Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. The Lancet. 2016-10-08, 388 (10053). ISSN 0140-6736. PMC 5388903 . PMID 27733281. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1 （英语）.
^ Skin Cancer Treatment (PDQ®). NCI. 2013-10-25 [30 June 2014]. （原始内容存档于2014-07-05）.
^ Cakir, Burak Ömür; Adamson, Peter; Cingi, Cemal. Epidemiology and Economic Burden of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer. Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America. Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer of the Head and Neck. 2012-11-01, 20 (4). ISSN 1064-7406. doi:10.1016/j.fsc.2012.07.004 （英语）.
^ Gallagher, Richard P.; Lee, Tim K.; Bajdik, Chris D.; Borugian, Marilyn. Ultraviolet radiation. Chronic Diseases in Canada. 2010,. 29 Suppl 1 [2022-07-28]. ISSN 1481-8523. PMID 21199599. （原始内容存档于2022-08-08）.
^ NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms. National Cancer Institute. [9 November 2016]. （原始内容存档于2016-11-09）.
^ Stratigos, Alexander; Garbe, Claus; Lebbe, Celeste; Malvehy, Josep; Marmol, Veronique del; Pehamberger, Hubert; Peris, Ketty; Becker, Jürgen C.; Zalaudek, Iris; Saiag, Philippe; Middleton, Mark R. Diagnosis and treatment of invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the skin: European consensus-based interdisciplinary guideline. European Journal of Cancer. 2015-09-01, 51 (14). ISSN 0959-8049. doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2015.06.110 （英语）.

外部連結

Information on Squamous Cell Carcinoma from The Skin Cancer Foundation （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
DermNet NZ: Squamous cell carcinoma （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Squamous cell carcinoma in transplant recipients （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Including TCC, CIS and papillary tumour SCC

[Lyn2011-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Lynne M Dunphy. Primary Care: The Art and Science of Advanced Practice Nursing. F.A. Davis. 2011: 242 [2019-06-11]. ISBN 9780803626478. （原始内容存档于2021-02-02）.

[Ga2015-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 ^2.6 ^2.7 Gandhi, Sumul Ashok; Kampp, Jeremy. Skin Cancer Epidemiology, Detection, and Management. The Medical Clinics of North America. 2015-11, 99 (6) [2022-07-28]. ISSN 1557-9859. PMID 26476255. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2015.06.002. （原始内容存档于2022-04-23）.

[NCI2017Diag-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Skin Cancer Treatment. National Cancer Institute. 21 June 2017 [2 July 2017]. （原始内容存档于2017-07-04）（英语）.

[Fer2017-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 Ferri, Fred F. Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2017 E-Book: 5 Books in 1. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2016: 1199 [2 July 2017]. ISBN 9780323448383. （原始内容存档于2017-08-29）（英语）.

[WCR2014-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 World Cancer Report 2014.. World Health Organization. 2014: Chapter 5.14. ISBN 9283204298.

[Jou2012-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Jou, Paul C.; Feldman, Ron J.; Tomecki, Kenneth J. UV protection and sunscreens: What to tell patients. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine. 2012-06-01, 79 (6) [2022-07-28]. ISSN 0891-1150. PMID 22660875. doi:10.3949/ccjm.79a.11110. （原始内容存档于2022-09-02）（英语）.

[NCI2017Tx-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Skin Cancer Treatment. National Cancer Institute. 21 June 2017 [2 July 2017]. （原始内容存档于2017-07-04）（英语）.

[GBD2015Pre-8] 8.0 ^8.1 Vos, Theo; Allen, Christine; Arora, Megha; Barber, Ryan M.; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.; Brown, Alexandria; Carter, Austin; Casey, Daniel C.; Charlson, Fiona J.; Chen, Alan Z.; Coggeshall, Megan. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. The Lancet. 2016-10-08, 388 (10053) [2022-07-28]. ISSN 0140-6736. PMC 5055577 . PMID 27733282. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6. （原始内容存档于2019-12-07）（英语）.

[GBD2015De-9] 9.0 ^9.1 Wang, Haidong; Naghavi, Mohsen; Allen, Christine; Barber, Ryan M.; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.; Carter, Austin; Casey, Daniel C.; Charlson, Fiona J.; Chen, Alan Zian; Coates, Matthew M.; Coggeshall, Megan. Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. The Lancet. 2016-10-08, 388 (10053). ISSN 0140-6736. PMC 5388903 . PMID 27733281. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1 （英语）.

[NCI2013TxPro-10] Skin Cancer Treatment (PDQ®). NCI. 2013-10-25 [30 June 2014]. （原始内容存档于2014-07-05）.

[Cak2012-11] Cakir, Burak Ömür; Adamson, Peter; Cingi, Cemal. Epidemiology and Economic Burden of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer. Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America. Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer of the Head and Neck. 2012-11-01, 20 (4). ISSN 1064-7406. doi:10.1016/j.fsc.2012.07.004 （英语）.

[UV2010-12] Gallagher, Richard P.; Lee, Tim K.; Bajdik, Chris D.; Borugian, Marilyn. Ultraviolet radiation. Chronic Diseases in Canada. 2010,. 29 Suppl 1 [2022-07-28]. ISSN 1481-8523. PMID 21199599. （原始内容存档于2022-08-08）.

[NCI2016Def-13] NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms. National Cancer Institute. [9 November 2016]. （原始内容存档于2016-11-09）.

[14] Stratigos, Alexander; Garbe, Claus; Lebbe, Celeste; Malvehy, Josep; Marmol, Veronique del; Pehamberger, Hubert; Peris, Ketty; Becker, Jürgen C.; Zalaudek, Iris; Saiag, Philippe; Middleton, Mark R. Diagnosis and treatment of invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the skin: European consensus-based interdisciplinary guideline. European Journal of Cancer. 2015-09-01, 51 (14). ISSN 0959-8049. doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2015.06.110 （英语）.

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