有羽毛恐龍列表
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这是一个有关有羽毛恐龙的列表,罗列了目前发现的有羽毛印痕和其他间接证据的非鸟恐龙化石。
相关列表
目前已有眾多的非鸟恐龍被發現擁有羽毛或类似皮肤衍生物。以下列表為有直接、間接證據證明的有羽毛恐龍(以發現羽毛時間排列)。粗體字型是有發現直接的羽毛痕跡;非粗體字型是代表沒有發現直接的羽毛壓痕,而是根據羽莖瘤(Quill knobs)、尾綜骨(pygostyle)等間接骨頭特徵來推測,或者是仍未確定者。標(*)記號者,則是非兽脚类恐龍的管狀刺毛或丝状毛发;標(?)記號者,則是仍在爭議中:
已正式命名的属种
屬、種 | 图示 | 标本号 | 发现时间 | 羽毛证据 | 发现地点 | 地层年代 | 备注 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 印石板始祖鳥 Archaeopteryx lithographica | ![]() |
BMNH 37001 1st Maxberg 3rd chicken wing 9th |
1861[1][2][3] | 羽毛印痕,前肢有不对称飞羽,尾部有较小不对称羽毛,后肢有较小飞羽 | 德國阿尔姆尤塔尔组(Altmühltal Formation) | 晚侏羅紀提通階早期 Early Tithonian | 始祖鳥第1件倫敦標本 |
2 | 西门子古鳥 Archaeornis seimensii | ![]() |
HMN MB. 1880/81 2nd | 1884[4] | 羽毛印痕,前肢有不对称飞羽,尾部有较小不对称羽毛,后肢有较小飞羽 | 德國阿尔姆尤塔尔组(Altmühltal Formation) | 晚侏羅紀提通階早期 Early Tithonian | 始祖鳥第2件柏林標本 |
3 | 反曲侏鳥 Jurapteryx recurva | ![]() |
JM SoS 2257 5th | 1974[5][6] | 羽毛印痕,前肢有不对称飞羽,尾部有较小不对称羽毛,后肢有较小飞羽 | 德國阿尔姆尤塔尔组(Altmühltal Formation) | 晚侏羅紀提通階早期 Early Tithonian | 始祖鳥第5件愛希施泰特標本 |
4 | 奇特擬鳥龍 Avimimus portentosus | ![]() |
PIN 3907/1 | 1987[7][8] | 尺骨上有羽莖瘤 | 蒙古納摩蓋吐組(Nemegt Formation) | 晚白垩紀馬斯垂克階早期 Early Maastrichtian | |
5 | 巨大韋氏鳥 Wellnhoferia grandis | ![]() |
Solnhofen 6th | 1988[9][10][11] | 羽毛印痕,前肢有不对称飞羽,尾部有较小不对称羽毛,后肢有较小飞羽 | 德國阿尔姆尤塔尔组(Altmühltal Formation) | 晚侏羅紀提通階早期 Early Tithonian | 始祖鳥第6件索倫霍芬標本 |
6 | 巴伐利亞始祖鳥 Archaeopteryx bavarica | ![]() |
BSP 1999 I 50 7th | 1993[12] | 羽毛印痕,前肢有不对称飞羽,尾部有较小不对称羽毛,后肢有较小飞羽 | 德國阿尔姆尤塔尔组(Altmühltal Formation) | 晚侏羅紀提通階早期 Early Tithonian | 始祖鳥第7件慕尼黑標本 |
7 | 原始中華龍鳥 Sinosauropteryx prima | ![]() |
GMV 2123=NIGP 127586 NIGP 127587 D 2141 IVPP V14202 |
1996[13] | 全身絲狀結構印痕 | 中国辽宁北票义县组(Yixian Formation) | 早白堊紀巴列姆階晚期到阿普第階早期 Late Barremian-Early Aptian | |
8 | 強壯原始祖鳥 Protarchaeopteryx robusta | ![]() |
NGMC 2125 | 1997[14] | 前臂有对称飞羽,尾巴有扇形长羽毛印痕 | 中国辽宁北票义县组(Yixian Formation) | 早白堊紀巴列姆階晚期到阿普第階早期 Late Barremian-Early Aptian | |
9 | ?多鋸似鵜鶘龍 Pelecanimimus polyodon | ![]() |
LH 7777 | 1997[15] | 头、颈下方及右肱骨和肘部保存下来一些皮肤衍生物,由一些近于平行的纤维状物质构成,疑似羽毛印痕 | 西班牙拉斯奥亚斯 (La Hoyas)拉格古尼亚组(La Huerguina Formation) | 早白堊紀豪特里维階晚期到巴列姆階早期 Late Hauterivian-Early Barremian | |
10 | 鄒氏尾羽龍 Caudipteryx zoui | NGMC 97-4-A NGMC 97-9-A BPM 0001 IVPP V11819 |
1998[16][17] | 全身绒羽,前肢尾巴对称长羽毛印痕 | 中国辽宁北票义县组(Yixian Formation) | 早白堊紀巴列姆階晚期到阿普第階早期 Late Barremian-Early Aptian, Early Cretaceous | ||
11 | 奧氏脅空鳥龍 Rahonavis ostromi | ![]() |
UA 8656 | 1998[18][19] | 尺骨上有羽莖瘤 | 馬達加斯加任加省梅法拉諾組(Maevarano Formation) | 晚白堊紀馬斯垂克階 Maastrichtian | |
12 | 沙漠鳥面龍 Shuvuuia deserti | ![]() |
IGM 100/977 | 1999[20] | 骨架附近保存有一些白色纤维状残余物质,应为管状羽毛印痕,包含β角蛋白 | 蒙古德加多克塔组 (Djadokhta Formation) | 晚白堊紀坎帕階晚期 Late Campanian | |
13 | 千禧中國鳥龍 Sinornithosaurus millenii | IVPP V12811 IG-3 IG-5b |
1999[21] | 全身絲狀羽毛,前肢局部有代羽轴的短羽毛印痕 | 中国辽宁北票义县组(Yixian Formation) | 早白堊紀巴列姆階晚期到阿普第階早期 Late Barremian-Early Aptian | ||
14 | 意外北票龍 Beipiaosaurus inexpectus | ![]() |
IVPP V11559 STM31-1 |
1999[22][23] | 全身絨羽印痕 | 中国辽宁北票义县组(Yixian Formation) | 早白堊紀巴列姆階晚期到阿普第階早期 Late Barremian-Early Aptian | |
15 | 董氏尾羽龍 Caudipteryx dongi | IVPP V12344 | 2000[24] | 全身绒羽,前肢尾巴对称长羽毛印痕 | 中国辽宁北票义县组(Yixian Formation) | 早白堊紀巴列姆階晚期到阿普第階早期 Late Barremian-Early Aptian | ||
16 | 趙氏小盜龍 Microraptor zhaoianus | IVPP V12330 IVPP V13475 CAGS 20-7-004 CAGS 20-8-001 CAGS02-IG-gausa-1/DM 609 BMNHC PH881 |
2000[25][26][27][28][29] | 全身絨羽前后肢尾巴羽毛印痕 | 中国辽宁九佛堂組(Jiufotang Formation) | 早白堊紀阿普第階早期 Early Albian | ||
17 | 戈壁天青石龍 Nomingia gobiensis | ![]() |
GIN 100/119 (=MPC-D 102/5) MPC-D 102/5 |
2000[30][31] | 尾綜骨 | 蒙古布古吉-特萨(Bugin Tsav)岩层 納摩蓋吐組(Nemegt Formation) | 晚白垩紀馬斯垂克階早期 Early Maastrichtian | |
18 | 保羅氏羽龍 Cryptovolans pauli | LPM 0200/0201 =BPM1 3-13 LPM 0159 |
2002[32] | 全身絨羽前后肢尾巴羽毛印痕 | 中国辽宁北票九佛堂組(Jiufotang Formation) | 早白堊紀阿普第階早期 Early Albian | ||
19 | 赫氏擅攀鳥龍 Scansoriopteryx heilmanni | ![]() |
CAGS02-IG-gausa-1/DM 607 | 2002[33] | 有類似絨毛的痕跡環繞在身體周圍排列成V樣式,最明顯的羽毛壓痕拖曳在左前臂與手部,尾巴末端羽毛痕跡 | 中国辽宁道虎沟组(Daohugou Formation) | 中侏羅紀巴通階 Bathonian | |
20 | 寧城樹息龍 Epidendrosaurus ninchengensis | ![]() |
IVPP V12653 | 2002[34] | 身体類似絨毛的痕跡,前肢周圍有較長羽毛印痕,尾巴末端有模糊的扇形羽毛痕跡 | 中国內蒙古寧城縣道虎沟组(Daohugou Formation) | 中侏羅紀巴通階 Bathonian | |
21 | 顧氏小盜龍 Microraptor gui | ![]() |
IVPP V13320 IVPP V13352 IVPP V17972B IVPP V17972A QM V1002 |
2003[35][36][37] | 全身絨羽前后肢尾巴羽毛印痕 | 中国辽宁九佛堂組(Jiufotang Formation) | 早白堊紀阿普第階早期 Early Albian | |
22 | 長掌義縣龍 Yixianosaurus longimanus | ![]() |
IVPP V12638 | 2003[38] | 絲狀羽毛印痕 | 中国辽宁九佛堂組(Jiufotang Formation) | 早白堊紀凡蓝今階晚期到阿普第階早期 Late Valanginian-Early Aptian | |
23 | 奇異帝龍 Dilong paradoxus | ![]() |
IVPP 14243 | 2004[39] | 下頜尾巴絲狀羽毛印痕 | 中国辽宁北票义县组(Yixian Formation) | 早白堊紀凡蓝今階晚期豪特里维階 Late Valanginian-Hauterivian | |
24 | 郝氏中國鳥龍 Sinornithosaurus haoiana | D 2140 | 2004[40] | 全身絲狀羽毛,前肢局部有代羽轴的短羽毛印痕 | 中国辽宁北票义县组(Yixian Formation) | 早白堊紀巴列姆階晚期到阿普第階早期 Late Barremian-Early Aptian, Early Cretaceous | ||
25 | 道虎溝足羽龍 Pedopenna daohugouensis | ![]() |
IVPP V12721 | 2005[41][42] | 后肢对称羽毛印痕 | 中国內蒙古寧城縣道虎沟组(Jiufotang Formation) | 中侏羅紀巴通階 Bathonian | |
26 | 華美金鳳鳥 Jinfengopteryx elegans | CAGS-IG-04-0801 | 2005[43][44] | 全身绒羽,前肢尾巴有长羽毛印痕 | 中国河北丰宁化吉营组(Huajiying Formation)桥头段(Qiaotou Member) | 早白堊紀阿普第階早期 Early Albian | ||
27 | 斯氏侏羅獵龍 Juravenator starki | ![]() |
JME Sch 200 | 2006[45][46] | 臀部尾巴丝状印痕 | 德國艾希施泰德(Schamhaupton)派恩滕组(Painten Formation) | 晚侏羅紀基米里支階 Late Kimmeridgian | “Borsti” |
28 | 巨中華麗羽龍 Sinocalliopteryx gigas | ![]() |
JMP-V-05-8-01 CAGS-IG-T1 |
2007[47] [48] | 全身絲狀結構羽毛印痕 | 中国辽宁北票义县组(Yixian Formation) | 早白堊紀巴列姆階晚期到阿普第階早期 Late Barremian-Early Aptian | |
29 | 蒙古伶盜龍 Velociraptor mongoliensis | ![]() |
IGM 100/981 | 2007[49] | 前臂尺骨上有6个羽莖瘤 | 蒙古巴鲁恩戈约特组(Baruungoyot Formation) | 晚白垩紀坎潘階晚期 Late Campanian | |
30 | 義縣似尾羽龍 Similicaudipteryx yixianensis | ![]() |
IVPP V12556 STM4-1 STM22-6 |
2008[50][51] | 前肢尾巴对称羽毛印痕 | 中国辽宁义县九佛堂組(Jiufotang Formation) | 早白堊紀阿普第階早期 Early Albian | |
31 | 郝氏中鳥 Zhongornis haoae | D2455/6 | 2008[52][53][54] | 前肢尾巴羽毛印痕 | 中国辽宁义县组(Yixian Formation) | 早白堊紀阿普第階早期 Early Aptian, Early Cretaceous | ||
32 | 胡氏耀龍 Epidexipteryx hui | ![]() |
IVPP V15471 | 2008[55] | 身體覆蓋者簡易的平行羽枝構成的羽毛,尾巴附有四個長條狀羽毛,尾巴羽毛可發現羽軸、羽片等構造,但構造簡易 | 中国內蒙古寧城縣道虎沟组(Daohugou Formation) | 中侏羅紀巴通階 Bathonian | |
33 | 赫氏近鳥龍 Anchiornis huxleyi | ![]() |
IVPP V14378 BMNHC PH828 LPM-B00169 YFGP-T5199 |
2009[56] | 头部、颈部、身体、大腿及尾巴都覆盖着絨羽印痕,四肢有对称飞羽印痕 | 中国辽宁建昌县髫髻山組(Tiaojishan Formation) | 中晚侏羅紀巴通-牛津階 Bathonian-Oxfordian | |
34 | * 孔子天宇龍 Tianyulong confuciusi | ![]() |
STMN 26-3 IVPP V17090 |
2009[57][58] | 頸部背部尾巴管狀刺毛印痕 | 中国辽宁义县组(Yixian Formation) | 早白堊紀巴列姆階晚期到阿普第階早期 Late Barremian-Early Aptian | |
35 | ?駝背昆卡猎龍 Concavenator corcovatus | ![]() |
MCCM-LH 6666 | 2010[59] | 前肢尺骨保存了類似羽莖瘤的結構 | 西班牙昆卡韦尔吉纳组(Calizas de La Huerguina Formation) | 早白堊紀巴列姆階晚期 Late Barremian | |
36 | 奧氏天宇盜龍 Tianyuraptor ostromi | ![]() |
STM1-3 | 2010[60] | 疑似有细丝状絨羽印痕 | 中国辽宁建昌义县组(Yixian Formation) | 早白堊紀巴列姆階晚期到阿普第階早期 Late Barremian-Early Aptian | |
37 | 郑氏晓廷龍 Xiaotingia zhengi | ![]() |
STM27-2 | 2011[9] | 四肢和尾巴具有飞羽,全身其他部位有细丝状絨羽印痕 | 中国辽宁建昌县髫髻山組(Tiaojishan Formation) | 中晚侏羅紀巴通-牛津階 Bathonian-Oxfordian | |
38 | “建昌”近鳥龍 Anchiornis “jianchangensis” | C.0502 | 2011[61] | 头部、颈部、身体、大腿及尾巴都覆盖着絨羽印痕,四肢有对称飞羽印痕 | 中国辽宁髫髻山組(Tiaojishan Formation) | 中晚侏羅紀巴通-牛津階 Bathonian-Oxfordian | ||
39 | 华丽羽王龍 Yutyrannus huali | ![]() |
ZCDM V5000(IVPP FV1960) ZCDMV5001(IVPP FV1961) ELDM V1001(IVPP FV1962) |
2012[62] | 全身絨羽印痕 | 中国辽宁北票义县组(Yixian Formation) | 早白堊紀巴列姆階晚期到阿普第階早期 Late Barremian-Early Aptian | |
40 | 汉卿小盜龍 Microraptor hanqingi | LVH 0026 | 2012[63] | 全身絨羽前后肢尾巴羽毛印痕 | 中国辽宁九佛堂組(Jiufotang Formation) | 早白堊紀阿普第階早期 Early Albian | ||
41 | 阿氏似松鼠龍 Sciurumimus albersdoerferi | ![]() |
BMMS BK 11 | 2012[64] | 皮肤上附着有精细的、长的、发丝状羽毛,这些羽毛位于其身体前中部、腹部以下、背脊椎上以及尾部的背部一侧 | 德國索倫霍芬石灰岩(Solnhofen)罗葛灵组(Rogling Formation) | 晚侏羅紀提通 Early Tithonian | |
42 | 埃德蒙顿似鳥龍 Ornithomimus edmontonicus | ![]() |
TMP 1995.110.1 (塞氏似鸸鹋龙 Dromiceiomimus samueli) TMP 2008.70.1 TMP 2009.110.1 (短背似鸸鹋龙 Dromiceiomimus brevitertius) |
2012[65] | 短的、绒毛样的羽毛,成年的样品显示了前肢上有着硬的中心轴 | 加拿大埃德蒙頓地區马蹄峡谷组(Horseshoe Canyon Formation) | 晚白堊紀馬斯垂克階 Maastrichtian | |
43 | 王氏寧遠龍 Ningyuansaurus wangi | Xingcheng Confucisornis Museum specimen |
2012[66] | 全身絨羽印痕 | 中国辽西义县组(Yixian Formation) | 早白堊紀阿普第階 Aptian | ||
44 | 短羽始中国羽龍 Eosinopteryx brevipenna | ![]() |
YFGP-T5197 | 2013[67] | 前肢有长飞羽,全身覆盖丝状絨羽印痕 | 中国辽宁建昌县髫髻山組 | 中晚侏羅紀巴通-牛津階 Bathonian-Oxfordian | |
45 | 徐氏曙光鳥 Aurornis xui | ![]() |
YFGP-T5198 | 2013[68] | 沿着尾巴基部三分之一,胸部和颈部具有羽毛痕迹 | 中国辽宁建昌县髫髻山組(Tiaojishan Formation) | 中晚侏羅紀巴通-牛津階 Bathonian-Oxfordian | |
46 | 义县建昌龙 Jianchangosaurus yixianensis | ![]() |
41HIII-0308A | 2013[69] | 颈部具有丝状羽毛痕迹 | 中国辽宁建昌义县组(Yixian Formation) | 早白堊紀巴列姆階晚期到阿普第階早期 Late Barremian-Early Aptian | |
47 | * 乌克莱斯克库林达羽龙 Kulindapteryx ukureica | ![]() |
PIN,no.5435/1a PIN 5435/56 PIN 5435/61 |
2014[70][71] | 前肢有鳞片鬃毛印痕 | 俄罗斯乌克莱卡组(Ukureiskiy Formation) | 中-晚侏羅紀巴柔-提通阶 Bajocian-Trthonian | |
48 | * 奥洛夫达乌尔龙 Daurosaurus olovus | ![]() |
PIN 5435/57 | 2014[70] [71] | 后肢,前肢有鳞片鬃毛印痕 | 俄罗斯乌克莱卡组(Ukureiskiy Formation) | 中-晚侏羅紀巴柔-提通阶 Bajocian-Trthonian | |
49 | 杨氏长羽盗龙 Changyuraptor yangi | ![]() |
HG B016 | 2014[72] | 全身絨羽前后肢尾巴羽毛印痕 | 中国辽宁义县组(Yixian Formation) | 早白堊紀巴列姆階晚期到阿普第階早期 Late Barremian-Early Aptian | |
50 | * 外貝加尔库林达奔龙 Kulindadromeus zabaikalicus | ![]() |
INREC K4/22 INREC K4/33 INREC K4/44 INREC K4/115 INREC K4/116 INREC K4/150 |
2014[73][74] | 后肢有簇状羽毛印痕,躯干和颈部均有羽毛印痕覆盖 | 俄罗斯乌克莱卡组(Ukureiskiy Formation) | 中-晚侏羅紀巴柔-提通阶 Bajocian-Trthonian | "Kulindosaurus" "Kulindodromeus" |
51 | 奧氏葬火龍 Citipati osmolskae | ![]() |
MPC-D 100/978 | 2014[31] | 尾綜骨 | 蒙古納摩蓋吐組(Nemegt Formation) | 晚白垩紀馬斯垂克階早期 Early Maastrichtian | |
52 | 纖弱竊螺龍 Conchoraptor gracilis | ![]() |
MPC-D 100/1275 | 2014[31] | 尾綜骨 | 蒙古納摩蓋吐組(Nemegt Formation) | 晚白垩紀馬斯垂克階早期 Early Maastrichtian | |
53 | 奇異恐手龍 Deinocheirus mirificus | MPC-D 100/128 | 2014[75] | 尾綜骨 | 蒙古納摩蓋吐組(Nemegt Formation) | 晚白垩紀馬斯垂克階早期 Early Maastrichtian | ||
54 | 奇翼龍 Yi qi | ![]() |
STM 31-2 | 2015[76] | 全身毛羽印痕,前肢有翼膜印痕 | 中国河北青龍縣髫髻山組(Tiaojishan Formation) | 中晚侏羅紀巴通-牛津階 Bathonian-Oxfordian | |
55 | 孙氏振元龍 Zhenyuanlong suni | ![]() |
JPM-0008 | 2015[77] | 前肢和尾部有大型羽毛印痕,翅膀很大 | 中国辽宁义县组(Yixian Formation) | 早白堊紀巴列姆階晚期到阿普第階早期 Late Barremian-Early Aptian | |
56 | 斯氏达科他盗龍 Dakotaraptor steini | ![]() |
PBMNH.P.10.113.T | 2015[78] | 尺骨上有羽莖瘤 | 美国南达科他州地狱溪组(Hell Creek Formation) | 晚白堊紀馬斯垂克階 Upper Maastrichtian | |
57 | 有羽迷惑盜龍 Apatoraptor pennatus | ![]() |
TMP 1993.051.0001 | 2016[79] | 尺骨上有羽莖瘤 | 加拿大阿尔伯塔省马蹄峡谷组(Horseshoe Canyon Formation) | 晚白堊紀坎帕階 Campanian-age | |
58 | 滕氏嘉年华龍 Jianianhualong tengi | ![]() |
DLXH 1218 | 2017[80][81] | 尾部有不对称羽毛印痕 | 中国辽宁义县组(Yixxian Formation) | 早白堊紀巴列姆階晚期到阿普第階早期 Late Barremian-Early Aptian | |
59 | 孙氏丝鸟龍 Serikornis sungei | ![]() |
PMOL-AB00200 | 2017[82] | 具有羽毛痕迹 | 中国辽宁髫髻山組(Tiaojishan Formation) | 中晚侏羅紀巴通-牛津階 Bathonian-Oxfordian | ‘Silkie’(YFGP-T5201) |
60 | 厚足奥斯特羅姆龍 Ostromia crassipes | ![]() |
TM 6928/6929 (Haarlem specimen; Teyler specimen; 4th) SNSB-BSPG 1971 I 211 |
2017[83] | 具有羽毛痕迹 | 德國阿尔姆尤塔尔组(Altmühltal Formation) | 晚侏羅紀提通階早期 Early Tithonian | 始祖鸟第4件哈勒姆標本 |
61 | 巨嵴彩虹龍 Caihong juji | ![]() |
PMoL-B00175 | 2018[84] | 具有羽毛痕迹 | 中国辽宁髫髻山組(Tiaojishan Formation) | 中晚侏羅紀巴通-牛津階 Bathonian-Oxfordian | |
62 | 艾氏始祖鳥 Archaeopteryx albersdoerferi | ![]() |
SNSB BSPG VN-2010/1 (Daiting 8th) |
2018[85] | 具有羽毛印痕 | 德國默尔恩斯海姆组(Mörnsheim Formation) | 晚侏羅紀提通階早期 Early Tithonian | 始祖鸟第8件代廷標本 |
63 | 干戚刑天龍 Xingtianosaurus ganqi | ![]() |
IVPP V13390 | 2019[86] | 具有羽毛印痕 | 中国辽宁义县组(Yixian Formation) | 早白堊紀阿普第階早期 Early Aptian, Early Cretaceous | |
64 | 长臂浑元龍 Ambopteryx longibrachium | ![]() |
IVPP V24192 | 2019[87] | 全身毛羽印痕,前肢有翼膜印痕 | 中国辽宁海房沟組(Haifanggou Formation) | 中晚侏羅紀巴通-牛津階 Bathonian-Oxfordian | |
65 | 普氏阿尔特穆尔鸟 Alcmonavis poeschli | ![]() |
SNSB-BSPG 2017 I 133 (Mühlheim 13th) |
2019[88] | 翅膀 | 德國默尔恩斯海姆组(Mörnsheim Formation) | 晚侏羅紀提通階早期 Early Tithonian | 始祖鸟第13件米尔海姆標本 |
66 | 渤海舞龙 Wulong bohaiensis | ![]() |
DNHM D2933 | 2020[89] | 四肢具有羽毛印痕,尾部有2条长尾羽 | 中国辽宁九佛堂組(Jiufotang Formation) | 早白堊紀阿普第階早期 Early Aptian, Early Cretaceous | |
67 | 纤瘦纤手龙 Chirostenotes pergracilis | ![]() |
UALVP 59400 | 2020[90] | 尾综骨 | 加拿大阿尔伯塔省恐龙公园组(Dinosaur Park Formation) | 晚白堊紀坎帕階 Campanian-age | |
68 | 西南纳瓦霍战龍 Dineobellator notohesperus | ![]() |
SMP VP-2430 | 2020[91] | 前臂尺骨上有6个羽莖瘤 | 美国新墨西哥奥乔阿拉莫组( Ojo Alamo Formation) | 晚白垩紀马斯特里赫特期 Maastrichtian | |
69 | 長鬃矛神龍 Ubirajara jubatus | ![]() |
SMNK PAL 29241 | 2020[92] | 沿尾部和背部排列的鬃毛状原羽及肩部从体侧突出的15厘米长的丝带状外皮结构 | 巴西塞阿拉州克拉圖組(Crato Formation) | 早白堊紀阿普第階 Aptian, Early Cretaceous | 為克拉圖組發現的第一個非鳥類恐龍 |
70 | 王氏達斡爾龍 Daurlong wangi | ![]() |
IMMNH-PV00731 | 2022[93] | 在頭骨後部到頸部、尾部邊緣保存了羽毛痕跡 | 中國內蒙古龙江组(Longjiang Formation) | 早白堊紀阿普第階早期 Early Aptian, Early Cretaceous |
未定种、未正式命名或描述的标本
标本号 | 可能的屬、種 | 图示 | 发现羽毛时间 | 羽毛证据 | 发现地点 | 地层年代 | 备注 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | AC 1/7 | 双脊龙科相似种 cf. Dilophosauridae ? | ![]() |
1997[94][95] | 异足龙足迹 Anomoepus,可能是一个兽脚类恐龙的休息迹,包括足印和跗骨印记,在足迹后方有一个耻骨印记。印迹上有类似毛发的一些印痕,这些毛发应该位于这只动物的大腿和腹部 | 美国南哈德利(South Hadley)康涅狄格河谷 | 早侏罗纪 | |
2 | GMV 2124 | 疑似中華龍鳥未定种 Sinosauropteryx? sp. | ![]() |
1997[96][97][98] | 全身絲狀結構羽毛印痕 | 中国辽宁义县组(Yixian Formation) | 早白堊紀巴列姆階晚期到阿普第階早期 Late Barremian-Early Aptian | |
3 | IVPP V12430 | 尾羽龍未定种 Caudipteryx sp. | 2000[17] | 前肢尾巴对称羽毛印痕 | 中国辽宁义县组(Yixtan Formation) | 早白堊紀巴列姆階晚期到阿普第階早期 Late Barremian-Early Aptian | ||
4 | NGMC 91(“Dave”) | 小盜龍亞科未定种 Microraptorinae | ![]() |
2001[99] | 全身絲狀羽毛印痕 | 中国辽宁义县组(Yixian Formation) | 早白堊紀巴列姆階晚期到阿普第階早期 Late Barremian-Early Aptian | |
5 | fossil skin Alan Detrich lab |
?霸王龍 Tyrannosaurus rex | 2001[100]。 | 皮肤化石,无鳞片,有类似鸡皮疙瘩的突起,推测长有羽毛 | 北美洲 | 晚白垩纪晚馬斯垂克階 Late Maastrichtian | ||
6 | SMF R 4970 | *鸚鵡嘴龍未定种 Psittacosaurus sp. | ![]() |
2002[101] | 尾巴管狀刺毛印痕 | 中国辽宁义县组(Yixian Formation) | 早白堊紀巴列姆階晚期到阿普第階早期 Late Barremian-Early Aptian | |
7 | NGMC 00-12-A | 中國鳥龍未定种 Sinornithosaurus sp. | 2002[102] | 全身絨羽前后肢尾巴羽毛印痕 | 中国辽宁九佛堂組(Jiufotang Formation) | 早白堊紀阿普第階早期 Early Albian | ||
8 | Wenya Museum DNO: 087 |
未知小盗龙类 Microraptoria | 2002[103] | 全身羽毛印痕 | 中国辽宁九佛堂組(Jiufotang Formation) | 早白堊紀阿普第階早期 Early Albian | ||
9 | IVPP V13351 IVPP V13476 TNP00996 |
小盜龍未定种 Microraptor sp. | 2003[104] | 全身絨羽前后肢尾巴羽毛印痕 | 中国辽宁九佛堂組(Jiufotang Formation) | 早白堊紀阿普第階早期 Early Albian | ||
10 | IVPP V13477 | 馳龍科未定种 Dromaeosauridae gen. et sp. | 2003[104] | 全身絨羽前后肢尾巴羽毛印痕 | 中国辽宁九佛堂組(Jiufotang Formation) | 早白堊紀阿普第階早期 Early Albian | ||
11 | IVPP V11579 | 帝龍未定种 Dilong sp. | 2004[39] | 颈部尾巴丝状结构印痕 | 中国辽宁义县组(Yixian Formation) | 早白堊紀凡蓝今階晚期豪特里维階 Late Valanginian-Hauterivian | ||
12 | WDC-CSG-100,10th | 始祖鳥未定种 Archaeopteryx sp. | ![]() |
2005[105] | 前肢尾巴羽毛印痕 | 德國索倫霍芬石灰岩(Solnhofen) | 晚侏羅紀早提通阶 Early Tithonian | 瑟马普利斯標本 Thermopolis specimen |
13 | 伤齿龙类? Troodontid | 2006[106] | 全身羽毛印痕 | 中国辽宁义县组(Yixian Formation) | 早白堊紀阿普第階早期 Early Aptian | |||
14 | BHI #126717 “LANE” | ?*三角龍未定种 Triceratops sp. | 2008[107][108]。 | 皮肤化石,背部尾部有突起痕迹,类似管狀刺毛 | 北美洲 | 晚白垩纪晚馬斯垂克階 Late Maastrichtian | ||
15 | STM1-1 | 華夏頜龍 Huaxiagnathus | 2009[109][110] | 全身絲狀結構羽毛印痕 | 中国辽宁义县组(Yixian Formation) | 早白堊紀巴列姆階晚期到阿普第階早期 Late Barremian-Early Aptian | ||
16 | STM1-4 | 暴龍类? Tyrannosauroid | 2009[109][110] | 颈部尾巴丝状结构印痕 | 中国辽宁义县组(Yixian Formation) | 早白堊紀巴列姆階晚期到阿普第階早期 Late Barremian-Early Aptian | ||
17 | STM1-5 | 暴龍类 Tyrannosauroid | 2010[111] | 颈部尾巴丝状结构印痕 | 中国辽宁义县组(Yixian Formation) | 早白堊紀巴列姆階晚期到阿普第階早期 Late Barremian-Early Aptian | ||
18 | fossil skin, University of Chicago Paul Sereno lab |
?霸王龍 Tyrannosaurus rex | 2012[112]。 | 皮肤化石,无鳞片痕迹,推测长有羽毛 | 北美洲 | 晚白垩纪晚馬斯垂克階 Late Maastrichtian | ||
19 | TMP 2007.20.4 | ?埃德蒙顿似鳥龍 Ornithomimus edmontonicus(鸸鹋龙未定相似种 D. sp. indet.) | 2012[65] | 疑似羽茎瘤 | 加拿大埃德蒙頓地區 | 晚白堊紀馬斯垂克階 Maastrichtian | ||
20 | PVSJ 512 | ?月亮谷始盗龙 Eoraptor lunensis | ![]() |
2013[113] | 3-5节脊椎上有杂乱的丝状疑似毛发痕迹 | 阿根廷伊斯巨拉斯托组(Ischigualasto Formation) | 晚三叠紀早卡尼階 Early Carnian | |
21 | 11th | 始祖鳥未定种 Archaeopteryx sp. | ![]() |
2014[114] | 前肢尾巴羽毛印痕 | 德國索倫霍芬石灰岩(Solnhofen) | 晚侏羅紀早提通阶 Early Tithonian | 奥特姆尔標本 Altmühl specimen |
22 | PIN,nos.5435/13 5435/14 5435/23a.b 5435/47 5435/48 5435/59a.b |
* 棱齿龙属种未定 Hypsilophodontia indet. | 2014[70] [71] | 鳞片鬃毛印痕 | 俄罗斯乌克莱卡组(Ukureiskiy Formation) | 中-晚侏羅紀巴柔-提通阶 Bajocian-Trthonian | ||
23 | PMOL-AD00113 | 似尾羽龍未定种 Similicaudipteryx sp. | 2014[115] | 尾综骨 | 中国辽宁九佛堂組(Jiufuotannd Formation) | 早白堊紀阿普第階早期 Early Albian | ||
24 | YFGP-T5200 | 基干鳥翼類 basalmost Avialae | 2014[116] | 具有羽毛痕迹 | 中国辽宁髫髻山組 | 中晚侏羅紀巴通-牛津階 Bathonian-Oxfordian | ||
25 | PMOL-AD00055 | 小盜龍亞科未定种 Microraptorinae | 2015[117] | 具有羽毛痕迹 | 中国辽宁建昌九佛堂组 | 早白堊紀阿普第階早期 Early Albian | ||
26 | UALVP 52531 | 似鳥龍未定种 Ornithomimus sp. | 2015[118] | 背部、腹侧、股骨远端、尾部上面有较短羽毛的印痕 | 加拿大阿尔伯塔省恐龙公园組(Dinosaur Park Formation) | 上白垩统上坎潘阶 Upper Campanian | 可能被归为塞氏似鸸鹋龙 Dromiceiomimus samueli | |
27 | IVPP V13476 | 小盜龍亞科 Microraptorinae | 2016[119] | 尾部,下肢絲狀羽毛印痕 | 中国辽宁九佛堂组(Jiufotang Formation) | 早白堊紀巴列姆階晚期到阿普第階早期 Late Barremian-Early Aptian | ||
28 | DIP-V-15103 “Eva” | 手盜龍類 Maniraptora | 2016[120] | 琥珀中的有羽毛尾部 | 缅甸北部克钦邦胡康河谷组(Hukawng Valley Formation) | 中白垩统诺曼森阶 Albian-Cenomanian | ||
29 | STM-0-9、STM-0-114 STM-0-118、STM-0-125 STM-0-127、STM-0-132 STM-0-133、STM-0-144 STM-0-147 |
近鳥龍 Anchiornis | 2017[121] | 头部、颈部、身体、大腿及尾巴都覆盖着絨羽印痕,四肢有对称飞羽印痕 | 中国辽宁建昌县髫髻山組(Tiaojishan Formation) | 中晚侏羅紀巴通-牛津階 Bathonian-Oxfordian | ||
30 | 12th | 始祖鳥 未定种 Archaeopteryx sp. | ![]() |
2018[122] | 前肢尾巴羽毛印痕 | 德國派恩滕组(Painten Formation) | 晚侏羅紀提通阶 Early Tithonian | 施哈普滕標本 Schamhaupten specimen |
31 | 13th | 始祖鳥 未定种 Archaeopteryx ? | 2024[123][124] | 具有羽毛印痕 | 德國阿尔姆尤塔尔组(Altmühltal Formation) | 晚侏羅紀提通階早期 Early Tithonian | 芝加哥標本(Chicago specimen) |
備註
某些鳥臀目恐龍(鸚鵡嘴龍、天宇龍及庫林達奔龍)與翼龍目的毛,與獸腳類恐龍的原始羽毛,可能是同源演化的結果,也有可能不是。[125][126]三角龍可能有獨特的皮膚結構。根據一個目前還沒有經過敘述的標本顯示,三角龍的身體可能覆蓋者類似鬃毛的結構,在这具化石的腹部鳞片类似于鳄鱼腹部的带状鳞片,背部和尾部皮肤上有一些拳头大的突起,中心部位有乳突状的结构,该结构类似于固定豪猪类的刚毛的结构,比较相似更原始的鸚鵡嘴龍的尾部毛状结构[107][108]。駝背昆卡獵龍的前肢有像羽莖瘤的結構,這是其他有羽毛恐龍也有的結構,羽莖瘤的結構簡單及空心,就像虛骨龍類及一些鳥臀目,如天宇龍及鸚鵡嘴龍[127]。
有一些物种有大量的有羽毛印痕的化石发现,许多化石还没有经过整理描述,在中国有许多博物馆及私人收藏家收藏有大量的此类化石,其中位于中国山东平邑县的天宇自然博物馆就收藏有有羽毛印痕的驰龙类标本400件左右,近鸟龙标本250件左右,热河鸟类100件左右。[110]
在一些最新的研究中认为,始祖鸟并不是鸟类,而是一种小型兽脚类恐龙。有一些研究指所有的始祖鸟標本都是屬於同一物種。[128]但是標本之間亦存在明顯的分別。就如慕尼黑、愛希施特、索倫霍芬及瑟馬普利斯標本就較倫敦、柏林及哈勒姆標本小或是更大型,有著不同的腳趾比例、更細長的鼻端、向前的牙齒排列及可能存在的胸骨。這些差別就像(或更大)現今不同種鳥類之間的差別。可是這些差別亦可以不同年齡作為解釋。2017年的一项研究认为第四件标本哈勒姆標本是一种近鸟类,并重新命名。2019年研究者将一件2017年发现前肢标本(发现时认为是第十三件标本)鉴定为鳥翼類新种。2024年第十三件标本芝加哥標本被公布。
- 印石板始祖鸟Archaeopteryx lithographica 羽毛標本(HMN.Ab.100; BSP coll.) 后来作为所有标本的命名,馬克斯柏格標本(Opitsch coll.; Maxberg specimen; 3rd)、鸡翅標本(Burgermeister-Muller Museum coll.; chicken wing; 9th)
- 大尾始祖鸟 Archaeopteryx macrura 伦敦標本(BMNH 37001; London specimen;1st)
- 西门子古鸟 Archaeornis siemensii = 西门子始祖鸟Archaeopteryx siemensii 柏林標本(HMN MB. 1880/81; Berlin specimen; 2nd)
- 反曲侏鸟 Jurapteryx recurva = 反曲始祖鸟Archaeopteryx recurva 爱希施泰特標本(JM SoS 2257; Eichstatt specimen; 5th)
- 伟大乌禾尔龙 Wellnhoferia grandis 索伦霍芬標本(Burgermeister Muller Museum coll.; Solnhofen specimen; 6th)
- 巴伐利亚始祖鸟 Archaeopteryx bavarica 慕尼黑標本(前称索伦霍芬AV標本)(BSP 1999 I 50; Munich specimen; Solnhofen-Aktien-Verein specimen; 7th)
- 厚足奥斯特羅姆龍 Ostromia crassipes 哈勒姆標本(又稱泰勒斯標本)(TM 6928/29; Haarlem specimen; Teyler specimen; 4th)
- 艾氏始祖鳥 Archaeopteryx albersdoerferi 代廷標本(private coll.; Daiting specimen; 8th),相对于其他标本处于较新的地层
- 普氏阿尔特穆尔鳥 Alcmonavis poeschli 米尔海姆標本(Mühlheim specimen)
- 始祖鸟未定种 Archaeopteryx sp. 瑟马普利斯標本(WDC-CSG-100; Thermopolis specimen; 10th)、奥特姆尔標本(Altmühl specimen; 11th)、施哈普滕標本(Schamhaupten specimen; 12th)、芝加哥標本(Chicago specimen; 13th)
有几种有羽毛的初鸟类一般在一些讨论中被列为鸟类,但在另外一些讨论中也被列为恐龙
屬、種 | 图示 | 标本号 | 发现羽毛时间 | 羽毛证据 | 发现地点 | 地层年代 | 备注 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 原始熱河鳥 Jeholornis prima | ![]() |
IVPP V13274 IVPP V13353 IVPP V13350 |
2002[129] | 全身絨羽羽毛印痕 | 中国辽宁九佛堂組(Jiufotang Formation) | 早白堊紀阿普第階早期 Early Albian | |
2 | 中華神州鳥 Shenzhouraptor sinensis | LPM 0193 | 2002[130] | 全身絨羽羽毛印痕 | 中国辽宁九佛堂組(Jiufotang Formation) | 早白堊紀阿普第階早期 Early Albian | ||
3 | 東方吉祥鳥 Jixiangornis orientalis | CDPC-02-04-001 | 2002[131] | 全身絨羽羽毛印痕 | 中国辽宁义县组(Yixian Formation) | 早白堊紀巴列姆階晚期到阿普第階早期 Late Barremian-Early Aptian | ||
4 | 粗颌大连鳥 Dalianraptor cuhe | D2139 | 2005[132] | 全身絨羽羽毛印痕 | 中国辽宁九佛堂組(Jiufotang Formation) | 早白堊紀阿普第階早期 Early Albian | ||
5 | 棕尾熱河鳥 Jeholornis palmapenis | SDM 20090109.1/2 | 2011[133] | 全身絨羽印痕尾巴羽毛印痕 | 中国辽宁九佛堂組(Jiufotang Formation) | 早白堊紀阿普第階早期 Early Albian | ||
6 | 熱河鳥未定种 Jeholornis sp. | STM2-18、STM2-8 STM2-11、STM2-23 STM2-37、STM3-3 STM3-4、STM3-30 STM2-51 |
2013[134][135] | 全身絨羽印痕尾巴羽毛印痕 | 中国辽宁九佛堂組 (Jiufotang Formation) | 早白堊紀阿普第階早期 Early Albian | ||
7 | 曲足熱河鳥 Jeholornis curvipes | YFGP-yb2 | 2014[136] | 全身羽毛印痕尾羽印痕 | 中国辽宁九佛堂組(Jiufotang Formation) | 早白堊紀阿普第階早期 Early Albian | ||
8 | 原始福井鳥 Fukuipteryx prima | ![]() |
FPDM-V-9769 | 2019[137] | 尾綜骨 | 日本福井北谷層(Kitadani Formation) | 早白堊紀阿普第階早期 Early Albian | |
9 | 長尾优雅鳥 Kompsornis longicaudus | AGB-6997 | 2020[138] | 全身羽毛印痕尾羽印痕 | 中国辽宁九佛堂組(Jiufotang Formation) | 早白堊紀阿普第階早期 Early Albian | ||
10 | 直掌内蒙鸟 Neimengornis rectusmim | IMMNH-PV00122 | 2021[139] | 全身羽毛印痕尾羽印痕 | 中国辽宁九佛堂組(Jiufotang Formation) | 早白堊紀阿普第階早期 Early Albian |
- 热河鸟、神州鸟、吉祥鸟、优雅鸟、大连鸟可以归为热河鸟形类(Jeholornithiformes),这些物种的形态比较接近,大小与形态同金凤鸟、中国鸟龙、小盗龙、耀龙和近鸟龙也比较接近,热河鸟与神州鸟被认为是同一物种,也有人认为吉祥鸟也是同一物种,但是认同的不多,也有人认为大连鸟也是一种热河鸟。
单独发现并命名的羽毛化石
屬、種 | 图示 | 标本号 | 发现时间 | 发现地点 | 地层年代 | 备注 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 印石板始祖鳥 Archaeopteryx lithographica | ![]() |
HMN.Ab.100 | 1861[1] | 德国下松霍芬砂岩(Upper Solnhofen Lithographic Limestone) | 晚侏羅世,提通期早期 | |
2 | 薩雷苏白堊小鳥 Cretaaviculus sarysuensis | 羽毛标本 | 1969[140] | 哈萨克斯坦博斯托贝组(Bostobe Formation) | 晚白堊世,桑托期 | ||
3 | 沙氏前鳥 Praeornis sharovi | PIN 2585/32 ZPAL V 32/967 |
1978[141][142] | 哈萨克斯坦巴拉班赛组(Balabansai Formation) | 侏羅紀中晚期, 卡洛夫期-啟莫里期 | ||
4 | 維氏萊里達羽鳥 Ilerdopteryx viai | LP-715 IEI LP-1327 IEI LP IEI coll. seven body feathers |
1985[143] | 西班牙La Pedrera de Rubies Lithographic Limestones Formation | 早白堊世,貝里亞期-巴列姆期 |
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相關條目
外部連結
- Downy Dinos on EvoWiki
- DinoBuzz (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆),dinosaur-bird controversy explained, by UC Berkeley.
- Journal of Dinosaur Paleontology,with many articles on dinosaur-bird links.
- Life-like images of feathered dinosaurs
- Feathered dinosaurs (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) at the American Museum of Natural History