不平等调整后人类发展指数列表
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0.800–1.000(非常高) 0.700–0.799(高) 0.550–0.699(中) | 0.350–0.549(低) 無資料 |
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0.900–0.910 0.850–0.899 0.800–0.849 0.750–0.799 0.700–0.749 0.650–0.699 | 0.600–0.649 0.550–0.599 0.500–0.549 0.450–0.499 0.400–0.449 | 0.350–0.399 0.300–0.349 0.250–0.299 0.222–0.249 无资料 |
下表为最新世界各国的不平等调整后人类发展指数列表,数据来源为联合国开发计划署在2019年发表的人类发展报告。根据《2016年人类发展报告》,“不平等调整后人类发展指数(IHDI)可被理解为考虑了貧富差距后的人类发展水平”。不平等调整后人类发展指数(IHDI)从人类发展指数(HDI)中得出,可被视作是一种潜在的人类发展指数,当不存在贫富差距时,IHDI和HDI是相同的[2][3]。
计算方法
为了捕捉各国内部人类发展成果的分配情况,联合国开发计划署引入了IHDI的概念以反应人类发展水平的不平衡状况[4]。在完全平等的情况下,HDI与IHDI在数值上相等;当健康、教育与收入分配不均衡时,IHDI会比社会平均的HDI低。不平等的程度越大,IHDI的值越低,其与HDI的差距也会越大。
本IHDI列表共涉及150个国家和地区(另附有世界平均值),并分别反映了各国受健康、教育及收入不平衡的影响而造成的对人类发展的损失。这三个方面造成的损失因国家而异,其范围从低于5%(日本、捷克和斯洛文尼亚)到超过40%(葛摩、中非共和国)不等。各国IHDI较HDI的总损失共考虑预期寿命不平等、收入不平等和教育不平等三个层面[5]。
一览表
下表依照各国的不平等调整后人类发展指数(IHDI)数值由高到低进行排名,相关数据基为2018年估计值。
2018年不平等调整后人类发展指数(2019年報告)[fn 1]
排名 | 國家和地区 | 2018年估計(2019年報告)[6][7] | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
IHDI | HDI | 總損失(%) | 自2010年的成長 | ||
1 | ![]() |
0.889 | 0.954 | 6.8 | ▲ 0.010 |
2 | ![]() |
0.885 | 0.938 | 5.7 | ▲ 0.052 |
3 | ![]() |
0.882 | 0.915 | 3.6 | ▲ 0.094[a] |
4 | ![]() |
0.881 | 0.946 | 6.8 | ▲ 0.015 |
5 | ![]() |
0.876 | 0.925 | 5.3 | ▲ 0.040 |
6 | ![]() |
0.874 | 0.937 | 6.7 | ▲ 0.031 |
7 | ![]() |
0.873 | 0.930 | 6.1 | ▲ 0.021 |
8 | ![]() |
0.872 | 0.942 | 8.2 | ▲ 0.063 |
9 | ![]() |
0.870 | 0.933 | 6.8 | ▲ 0.033 |
10 | ![]() |
0.862 | 0.938 | 8.1 | ▲ 0.010 |
11 | ![]() |
0.861 | 0.939 | 8.3 | ▲ 0.015 |
12 | ![]() |
0.858 | 0.902 | 4.8 | ▲ 0.038 |
13 | ![]() |
0.850 | 0.891 | 4.6 | ▲ 0.040 |
14 | ![]() |
0.849 | 0.919 | 7.6 | ▲ 0.022 |
15 | ![]() |
0.845 | 0.920 | 8.2 | ▲ 0.028 |
16 | ![]() |
0.843 | 0.914 | 7.7 | ▲ 0.015 |
17 | ![]() |
0.841 | 0.922 | 8.8 | ▲ 0.024 |
18 | ![]() |
0.836 | 0.921 | 9.2 | 不適用 |
19 | ![]() |
0.822 | 0.909 | 9.5 | ▲ 0.010 |
20 | ![]() |
0.818 | 0.882 | 7.2 | ▲ 0.056 |
— | ![]() |
0.816 | 0.900 | 9.4 | — |
21 | ![]() |
0.815 | 0.939 | 13.2 | 不適用 |
21 | ![]() |
0.815 | 0.885 | 8 | ▲ 0.030 [b] |
23 | ![]() |
0.810 | 0.935 | 13.3 | 不適用 |
24 | ![]() |
0.809 | 0.891 | 9.2 | ▲ 0.017 |
24 | ![]() |
0.809 | 0.906 | 10.8 | ▲ 0.034 |
26 | ![]() |
0.804 | 0.857 | 6.2 | ▲ 0.031 |
27 | ![]() |
0.801 | 0.872 | 8.1 | ▲ 0.056 |
28 | ![]() |
0.797 | 0.920 | 13.4 | ▼ 0.011 |
29 | ![]() |
0.788 | 0.873 | 9.7 | ▲ 0.037 |
30 | ![]() |
0.777 | 0.845 | 8 | ▲ 0.022 |
30 | ![]() |
0.777 | 0.906 | 14.3 | ▲ 0.042 |
32 | ![]() |
0.776 | 0.883 | 12.1 | ▲ 0.010 |
32 | ![]() |
0.776 | 0.854 | 9.1 | ▲ 0.050 |
34 | ![]() |
0.774 | 0.869 | 10.9 | ▲ 0.045 |
35 | ![]() |
0.768 | 0.837 | 8.3 | ▲ 0.081 |
36 | ![]() |
0.766 | 0.872 | 12.2 | ▼ 0.004 |
37 | ![]() |
0.765 | 0.817 | 6.4 | ▲ 0.047 |
37 | ![]() |
0.765 | 0.893 | 14.3 | ▼ 0.015 |
39 | ![]() |
0.759 | 0.817 | 7.1 | ▲ 0.098 |
40 | ![]() |
0.746 | 0.816 | 8.6 | ▲ 0.031 |
41 | ![]() |
0.743 | 0.824 | 9.9 | ▲ 0.053 |
42 | ![]() |
0.742 | 0.850 | 12.7 | ▲ 0.018 |
43 | ![]() |
0.732 | 0.834 | 13.1 | 不適用 |
44 | ![]() |
0.725 | 0.816 | 11.1 | ▲ 0.024 |
45 | ![]() |
0.714 | 0.830 | 14 | ▲ 0.058 |
46 | ![]() |
0.713 | 0.816 | 12.5 | ▲ 0.022 |
47 | ![]() |
0.710 | 0.799 | 14 | ▲ 0.030 |
48 | ![]() |
0.706 | 0.797 | 11.5 | ▲ 0.185[c] |
49 | ![]() |
0.705 | 0.791 | 10.9 | ▲ 0.059 |
50 | ![]() |
0.703 | 0.808 | 13 | ▲ 0.054 |
51 | ![]() |
0.701 | 0.750 | 6.4 | ▲ 0.028 |
52 | ![]() |
0.692 | 0.786 | 12 | ▲ 0.085 |
53 | ![]() |
0.688 | 0.796 | 13.7 | ▲ 0.032[d] |
54 | ![]() |
0.686 | 0.780 | 12.1 | ▲ 0.064 |
55 | ![]() |
0.685 | 0.760 | 9.9 | ▲ 0.036 |
56 | ![]() |
0.683 | 0.754 | 9.4 | ▲ 0.052 |
57 | ![]() |
0.676 | 0.806 | 16.2 | ▲ 0.108 |
58 | ![]() |
0.675 | 0.813 | 17 | 不適用 |
59 | ![]() |
0.673 | 0.847 | 17.8 | ▲ 0.025 |
60 | ![]() |
0.660 | 0.759 | 13.1 | ▲ 0.048 |
61 | ![]() |
0.658 | 0.769 | 14.4 | ▲ 0.090 |
62 | ![]() |
0.639 | 0.794 | 18.7 | ▲ 0.041 |
63 | ![]() |
0.638 | 0.711 | 10.4 | ▲ 0.049 |
64 | ![]() |
0.636 | 0.758 | 16.1 | ▲ 0.095 |
65 | ![]() |
0.635 | 0.735 | 13.6 | ▲ 0.044 |
65 | ![]() |
0.635 | 0.765 | 16.9 | ▲ 0.067 |
67 | ![]() |
0.626 | 0.795 | 21.2 | ▲ 0.083 |
68 | ![]() |
0.617 | 0.723 | 14.7 | ▲ 0.029 |
68 | ![]() |
0.617 | 0.745 | 17.2 | ▲ 0.005[e] |
70 | ![]() |
0.612 | 0.759 | 19.4 | ▲ 0.112 |
71 | ![]() |
0.610 | 0.674 | 9.5 | ▲ 0.070 |
72 | ![]() |
0.607 | 0.758 | 19.9 | ▲ 0.035 |
73 | ![]() |
0.604 | 0.759 | 20.4 | 不適用 |
73 | ![]() |
0.604 | 0.726 | 16.7 | ▲ 0.002 |
75 | ![]() |
0.600 | 0.726 | 17.3 | ▲ 0.007 |
76 | ![]() |
0.597 | 0.690 | 13.5 | ▼ 0.004[f] |
77 | ![]() |
0.595 | 0.767 | 22.5 | ▲ 0.011 |
78 | ![]() |
0.585 | 0.761 | 23.1 | ▲ 0.065 |
78 | ![]() |
0.585 | 0.739 | 20.8 | ▲ 0.049 |
— | ![]() |
0.596 | 0.731 | 18.6 | ▲ 0.062 |
80 | ![]() |
0.584 | 0.745 | 21.5 | ▲ 0.057 |
81 | ![]() |
0.583 | 0.707 | 17.4 | ▲ 0.035 |
82 | ![]() |
0.582 | 0.712 | 18.2 | ▲ 0.037 |
83 | ![]() |
0.580 | 0.693 | 16.3 | ▲ 0.034 |
84 | ![]() |
0.578 | 0.710 | 18.5 | ▲ 0.082 |
85 | ![]() |
0.574 | 0.761 | 24.5 | ▲ 0.045 |
85 | ![]() |
0.574 | 0.656 | 12.5 | ▲ 0.064 |
87 | ![]() |
0.568 | 0.719 | 21 | ▲ 0.003 |
88 | ![]() |
0.562 | 0.724 | 24.7 | ▲ 0.040 |
89 | ![]() |
0.559 | 0.724 | 22.7 | ▲ 0.029 |
90 | ![]() |
0.558 | 0.720 | 22.6 | ▲ 0.064 |
91 | ![]() |
0.552 | 0.689 | 19.8 | ▲ 0.032[g] |
92 | ![]() |
0.546 | 0.670 | 18.5 | ▲ 0.026 |
93 | ![]() |
0.544 | 0.702 | 24.5 | ▲ 0.025 |
94 | ![]() |
0.538 | 0.647 | 16.8 | ▲ 0.129 |
95 | ![]() |
0.533 | 0.703 | 24.2 | ▲ 0.127 |
96 | ![]() |
0.521 | 0.667 | 21.9 | ▲ 0.044 |
97 | ![]() |
0.507 | 0.609 | 16.3 | ▲ 0.128[h] |
98 | ![]() |
0.501 | 0.651 | 23 | ▲ 0.038 |
99 | ![]() |
0.492 | 0.700 | 29.7 | ▲ 0.009 |
100 | ![]() |
0.472 | 0.651 | 27.4 | ▲ 0.072 |
101 | ![]() |
0.465 | 0.614 | 24.3 | ▲ 0.078 |
101 | ![]() |
0.465 | 0.581 | 20.1 | ▲ 0.084 |
103 | ![]() |
0.464 | 0.623 | 25.5 | ▲ 0.049 |
104 | ![]() |
0.463 | 0.705 | 34.4 | ▲ 0.007 |
105 | ![]() |
0.456 | 0.608 | 25 | ▲ 0.076 |
106 | ![]() |
0.454 | 0.604 | 24.9 | ▲ 0.044 |
107 | ![]() |
0.450 | 0.617 | 27.1 | ▼ 0.023[i] |
107 | ![]() |
0.450 | 0.626 | 28 | ▲ 0.037 |
109 | ![]() |
0.448 | 0.584 | 23.2 | 不適用 |
110 | ![]() |
0.435 | 0.563 | 22.8 | ▲ 0.104 |
111 | ![]() |
0.430 | 0.608 | 29.3 | ▲ 0.100 |
111 | ![]() |
0.430 | 0.579 | 26.8 | ▲ 0.071 |
113 | ![]() |
0.427 | 0.596 | 28.3 | ▲ 0.013 |
114 | ![]() |
0.426 | 0.579 | 26.3 | ▲ 0.063 |
115 | ![]() |
0.418 | 0.645 | 35.3 | ▲ 0.091 |
116 | ![]() |
0.397 | 0.528 | 24.9 | ▲ 0.049 |
117 | ![]() |
0.394 | 0.591 | 33.4 | ▲ 0.030 |
118 | ![]() |
0.392 | 0.574 | 31.8 | ▲ 0.085 |
119 | ![]() |
0.387 | 0.528 | 26.7 | ▲ 0.055 |
120 | ![]() |
0.386 | 0.521 | 25.8 | ▲ 0.029 |
120 | ![]() |
0.386 | 0.560 | 31.1 | ▲ 0.027 |
122 | ![]() |
0.382 | 0.536 | 28.7 | ▲ 0.075 |
123 | ![]() |
0.371 | 0.563 | 34.1 | ▲ 0.060 |
124 | ![]() |
0.358 | 0.528 | 32.1 | ▲ 0.040 |
125 | ![]() |
0.350 | 0.518 | 32.5 | ▲ 0.045 |
125 | ![]() |
0.350 | 0.513 | 31.7 | ▲ 0.036 |
126 | ![]() |
0.349 | 0.534 | 34.6 | ▲ 0.067 |
127 | ![]() |
0.347 | 0.514 | 32.5 | ▲ 0.048 |
128 | ![]() |
0.346 | 0.485 | 28.7 | ▲ 0.049 |
129 | ![]() |
0.337 | 0.470 | 28.7 | ▲ 0.066 |
130 | ![]() |
0.332 | 0.507 | 34.6 | 不適用 |
131 | ![]() |
0.331 | 0.516 | 35.8 | ▲ 0.041 |
132 | ![]() |
0.327 | 0.520 | 37.1 | ▲ 0.020 |
134 | ![]() |
0.316 | 0.459 | 31 | ▲ 0.051 |
134 | ![]() |
0.316 | 0.463 | 31.8 | ▼ 0.012 |
136 | ![]() |
0.314 | 0.465 | 32.3 | ▲ 0.038 |
137 | ![]() |
0.310 | 0.466 | 37.4 | ▲ 0.059 |
138 | ![]() |
0.309 | 0.446 | 30.7 | ▲ 0.093 |
139 | ![]() |
0.303 | 0.434 | 30.1 | ▲ 0.064 |
140 | ![]() |
0.299 | 0.503 | 40.5 | ▲ 0.022 |
141 | ![]() |
0.296 | 0.423 | 30.1 | ▲ 0.043 |
142 | ![]() |
0.294 | 0.538 | 45.3 | ▲ 0.006 |
142 | ![]() |
0.294 | 0.427 | 31.2 | ▲ 0.045 |
144 | ![]() |
0.293 | 0.466 | 37.2 | ▲ 0.026 |
145 | ![]() |
0.288 | 0.461 | 37.5 | ▲ 0.043 |
146 | ![]() |
0.282 | 0.438 | 35.7 | ▲ 0.045 |
147 | ![]() |
0.272 | 0.377 | 27.9 | ▲ 0.061 |
148 | ![]() |
0.264 | 0.413 | 36.1 | 不適用 |
149 | ![]() |
0.250 | 0.401 | 37.7 | ▲ 0.023 |
150 | ![]() |
0.222 | 0.381 | 41.6 | ▲ 0.016 |
参见
- 相关指数与指标
- 貧富差距
- 人均收入
- 貧窮
- 平等原則
- 福利政策對貧困的影響
参考来源
- ^ Human Development Report 2024 – "Human Development Indices and Indicators". HDRO (Human Development Report Office) United Nations Development Programme. [2024-03-27].
- ^ Human Development Reports, Composite indices — HDI and beyond (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (2015) 87
- ^ Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI). Hdr.undp.org. [2010-11-05]. (原始内容存档于2011-08-06).
- ^ 联合国开发计划署. 2018人类发展指数与指标. : 第四页.
- ^ Frequently Asked Questions - Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI). United Nations. [2020-09-16]. (原始内容存档于2020-09-03).
- ^ Inequality-adjusted HDI (IHDI). hdr.undp.org. UNDP. [2020-05-22]. (原始内容存档于2016-06-25).
- ^ 引用错误:没有为名为
HDR2019
的参考文献提供内容 - ^ Inequalities in Human Development in the 21st Century (PDF). Human Development Report: 5. [2020-09-16]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-08-19).
脚注
外部链接
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