大规模开放在线课堂
大规模开放在线课堂(课程),又称慕课(英語:Massive Open Online Course/MOOC)、磨課師(MOOCs)[1],是一种针对于大众人群的在线课堂,人们可以通过网络来学习在线课堂。MOOC是远程教育的最新发展,它通过开放教育资源的形式发展而来。[2]
MOOC的设计和课堂参与类似于学院和大学课堂,但MOOC一般不会像在校付费的学生那样要求学分。尽管如此,学习的奖励可能通过证书来证明。
MOOC起源於開放教育資源運動和學習連接主義的思潮。最近,大量MOOC類似的計劃已經獨立地浮出水面,例如Coursera, Udacity, edX和Marginal Revolution University [3];華文MOOC自2012年開始佈局,至2014年較知名的MOOC網站包括MOOC学院、学堂在线、ewant育網、Share Course、Proera等。這些引人注目的計劃的創始者投資機構和金融投資,幫助MOOC在2012年取得了顯著的公眾關注。[4]
MOOC没有完全既定的定义,但有两个显著的特点:
- Open access/开放共享:MOOC参与者不必是在校的注册学生,也不要求学费,它是让大家共享的。
- Scalability/可扩张性:许多传统课堂针对于一小群学生对应一位老师,但MOOC里的「大规模」课堂是针对于不确定的参与者而言来设计的。
早期MOOC的其它特點,例如內容的開放授權,開放結構和學習目標,以社群為中心等的特點,它們也不是在所有MOOC計劃裡都出現。[5]
學分和學位化
部份大學通過edX平台進行的MOOC,例如微碩士(MicroMasters)和可兌換學分課程(Credit-Eligible) 在修讀完線上課程後,可銜接升讀相關大學的學位課程。然而,這些線上課程並非免費,部份更索價逾千美元。[6][7]
参考资料
- ^ 教學新知 – 大規模開放式線上課程. CTLD x DLC. [2024-09-01] (中文(臺灣)).
- ^ Kaplan Andreas M., Haenlein Michael (2016) Higher education and the digital revolution: About MOOCs, SPOCs, social media, and the Cookie Monster, Business Horizons, Volume 59.
- ^ Smith, Lindsey "5 education providers offering MOOCs now or in the future (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)". July 31, 2012.
- ^ Laura Pappano. The Year of the MOOC - The New York Times (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). November 2, 2012
- ^ Wiley, David. "The MOOC Misnomer (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)". July, 2012
- ^ Gordon, Adam. 'MicroMasters' Surge As MOOCs Go From Education To Qualification. Forbes. [2018-03-01]. (原始内容存档于2021-01-29) (英语).
- ^ Williams, Terri. MicroMasters: The Bridge Between a Bachelor’s Degree and a Graduate Degree. ThoughtCo. 2017-11-19 [2018-09-27]. (原始内容存档于2020-10-20).
参见
外部链接
- Coursera Blog : The Birth of MOOC (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- MOOC pedagogy: the challenges of developing for Coursera(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Babson Survey Research Group: National reports on growth of online learning in US Higher Education
- Amanda Kraus, "Opinion Time! Udacity, Pearson, MOOCs and UVA" Blog post, "Worst Professor Ever", June 18, 2012
- Dialogue and Connectivism: A New Approach to Understanding and Promoting Dialogue-Rich Networked Learning (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Andrew Ravenscroft International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning Vol. 12.3 March – 2011, Learning Technology Research Institute (LTRI), London Metropolitan University, UK
- Stephen Carson and Jan Philipp Schmidt. The Massive Open Online Professor (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Academic Matters: The Journal of Higher Education, May 2012.
视频
- Discussion on a new trend in higher education: Massive open online courses or MOOCs (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Washington Journal August 7, 2012
- What is a MOOC? (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
TED大会演讲
- Shimon Schocken: 自组织式计算机课程 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Peter Norvig:容纳十万人的教室 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Daphne Koller: 我们从在线教育学到了什么(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
线上文档
- A. McAuley, B. Stewart, G, Siemens and D. Cormier, The MOOC Model for Digital Practice (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (2010)
- D. Levy, Lessons Learned from Participating in a Connectivist Massive Online Open Course (MOOC) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), (2011)
- S.F. John Mak, R. Williams, and J. Mackness, Blogs and Forums as Communication and Learning Tools in a MOOC (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Networked Learning (2010)
- Siemens, G. Learning and Knowing in Networks: Changing roles for Educators and Designers. Presented to ITFORUM for Discussion (January 27, 2008)
相关书籍
- Graham Vickery, Sacha Wunsch-Vincent, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and DevelopmentParticipative web and user-created content: web 2.0, wikis and social networking (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (2007)
- Siemens, G. (2005). Connectivism: A learning theory for a digital age. International Journal of Instructional Technology and Distance Learning, 2(1), 3–10.
- UNLOCKING the GATES: How and Why Leading Universities Are Opening Up Access To Their Courses; Taylor Walsh, Princeton University Press, 2011. ISBN 978-0-691-14874-8