尼古丁取代療法
左臂上的尼古丁貼片 | |
臨床資料 | |
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商品名 | Nicoderm, Commit, Nicorette, other[1] |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
識別資訊 | |
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CAS號 | 54-11-5 |
尼古丁取代療法(英語:Nicotine replacement therapy,簡稱:NRT)是一種治療方式,目的是用尼古丁漸進式地取代香菸。[2] 用於幫助人們戒菸或嚼食菸草。[1][3] 使用尼古丁取代療法可以增加50%到70%的戒菸成功率。[4] 通常還會配合行為治療法使用。 尼古丁取代療法除了協助戒菸外,也用於治療潰瘍性結腸炎。尼古丁取代療法有許多形式:包括尼古丁貼片、口香糖、喉錠、鼻噴劑以及吸入劑型。[1] 同時使用不同方式的尼古丁取代療法,也許能增加療效。[5][6]
成癮是常見的副作用之一。 嚼食尼古丁口香糖的常見副作用是噁心、打嗝和口中的刺激感;使用尼古丁貼片則容易造成皮膚刺激和口乾舌燥;使用吸入劑型則會造成咳嗽、流鼻水或頭痛。較嚴重的副作用包括尼古丁中毒和無法戒斷。[1] 目前認為並不會增加心肌梗塞的機率。[4] 如果在懷孕期間使用,可能對胎兒造成傷害。[1][7] 尼古丁取代療法的原理是藉由降低對於尼古丁的渴求來戒除菸癮。[1][8]
![](http://images.weserv.nl/?url=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/NicotioneSpray.jpg/220px-NicotioneSpray.jpg)
尼古丁取代療法於1984年在美國被核准使用。[1] 尼古丁取代療法是世界衛生組織基本藥物標準清單中的一部份,是基層健康衛生系統中非常重要的藥物。[9] 目前已有許多學名藥物 。[1] 在美國,使用貼片或尼古丁口香糖,每個月需要花費100到200美金,其他型態的尼古丁取代療法,則相對更為昂貴。[10]
參考文獻
- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 Nicotine. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. [Dec 2015]. (原始內容存檔於2015-12-18).
- ^ Jain, R; Majumder, P; Gupta, T. Pharmacological intervention of nicotine dependence.. BioMed research international. 2013, 2013: 278392. PMID 24490153.
- ^ Smith, KD; Scott, MA; Ketterman, E; Smith, PO. Clinical inquiries. What interventions can help patients stop using chewing tobacco?. The Journal of family practice. April 2005, 54 (4): 368–9. PMID 15833231.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Stead, LF; Perera, R; Bullen, C; Mant, D; Hartmann-Boyce, J; Cahill, K; Lancaster, T. Stead, Lindsay F , 編. Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2012-11-14, 11: CD000146. PMID 23152200. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000146.pub4.
- ^ McDonough, M. Update on medicines for smoking cessation.. Australian prescriber. August 2015, 38 (4): 106–11. PMID 26648633.
Evidence suggests that combinations of nicotine replacement therapy may be more effective than using a single formulation
- ^ Cahill, K; Stevens, S; Perera, R; Lancaster, T. Pharmacological interventions for smoking cessation: an overview and network meta-analysis.. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2013-05-31, 5: CD009329. PMID 23728690.
Combination NRT also outperformed single formulations
- ^ De Long, NE; Barra, NG; Hardy, DB; Holloway, AC. Is it safe to use smoking cessation therapeutics during pregnancy?. Expert opinion on drug safety. December 2014, 13 (12): 1721–31. PMID 25330815.
- ^ Nicotine Replacement Therapy for Smoking Cessation or Reduction: A Review of the Clinical Evidence. Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health. 2014-01-16. PMID 24741730.
- ^ WHO Model List of EssentialMedicines (PDF). World Health Organization. October 2013 [2014-04-22]. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2016-04-11).
- ^ Hamilton, Richart. Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. 2015: 441. ISBN 9781284057560.