罗马短剑
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罗马短剑(拉丁语:Gladius,复数为:Gladii),是从公元前3世纪到公元3世纪古罗马步兵所使用的剑类型。
早期的古罗马剑与希腊剑相似,称为xiphe。然而,从公元前3世纪开始,罗马人采用了一种基于西班牙凯尔特伊比利亚人在布匿战争期间于迦太基使用的剑,在拉丁语中被称为gladius hispaniensis,意思是“西班牙式剑”。罗马人将之改进,根据战斗单位发动战争的方式对其进行了修改,并随着时间的推移创造了新型的“gladii”,例如美因茨gladius和庞贝gladius。最后,在公元三世纪,重型罗马步兵以斯帕塔(在罗马骑兵中已经很常见)取代了短剑,将短剑降级为罗马轻步兵的装备。[1]
参考
- ^ Penrose, Jane. Rome and Her Enemies: An Empire Created and Destroyed by War. Osprey Publishing. 2008: 121–122. ISBN 978-1-84603-336-0.
伸延阅读
- Significant Contributions in the Study of European Arms and Armor, bibliography by the Arms and Armor Society of America.
- Armamentarium: subject bibliographies: swords
- John William Humphrey, John Peter Oleson, Andrew Neil Sherwood, Greek and Roman Technology: a sourcebook
- Livius, Titus (known as Livy). Rome and Italy: Books VI-X of the History of Rome from its Foundation, translated by Betty Radice. Penguin Books. 1982. ISBN 978-0-14-044388-2.
外部链接
- Legio IX Hispana: photos of historical reconstructionists drawing and holding gladii.
- Legio XX Gladius.
- Legio XXIV Gladiator page.
- The Roman Legionary and His Equipment in The First Century AD: An Assessment of the findings of The Ermine Street Guard.. [2007-08-24]. (原始内容存档于2015-09-24).