社论对页版
社论对页版面(英语:opposite the editorial page,通常简称op-ed)是一种源自美国报纸出版业的新闻出版用语,意指一种由外人所撰写、刊登在报纸或杂志上的评述性质文章[1]。虽然op-ed常被误会是“观点社论”(opinion-editorial)的缩写,但实际上却是完全颠倒的意思:报纸或杂志等出版品的社论页中之文章,大多是其编辑部成员以不署名方式发表;新闻对页版登载的文章则与此不同,通常是由编辑部以外的写手或名人以署名方式所撰写之时事评析。
现代社论对页版的雏形首见于1921年时的《纽约世界晚报》(The New York Evening World),该报员工贺伯·白约·史沃普(Herbert Bayard Swope) 在1920年成为编辑时,他有感社论的对页常沦为堆放书评、时事特稿、讣闻的杂物柜[2]他当时的说法是:
“对我来说,没有任何东西会比一则有意思的评论更加有意思,因此我想出一种后来变成全美国最重要的标准作法、把社论对页给清空的方法。我决定忽略(新闻)事实,而是在这页面中印上(新闻)评论。”[3]
但史沃普只采用报社内部的员工所写的评论,而真正由报社外部的人士所写的“现代”社论对页版,则得等到1970年,《纽约时报》(The New York Times)的编辑约翰·B·欧克斯才开始使用。[4]
自1930年代起,广播的兴起便开始威胁平面媒体的生存,后来电视的出现更加速了这个过程。为了与新兴的新闻媒体对抗,主流报纸像是《纽约时报》与《华盛顿邮报》,开始开放地采用主观意味与评论性质的新闻,同时增加更多专栏文章,也扩增了这些报纸的社论对页版。[5]
近年来,也有人关心应该如何清楚揭露社论对页版的写手与报社本身的关系,因为读者并不一定能够了解社论对页版写手是否受到某些利益团体的资助。一群美国记者所组成的“提升社论对页版透明度”('op-ed transparency')。 [6][7]
参考资料
- ^ Op-ed. (2010). In Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. Retrieved June 29, 2010. [2012-06-22]. (原始内容存档于2012-10-22).
- ^ Meyer, K. (1990). Pundits, poets, and wits. New York: Oxford University Press.
- ^ Swope, H. B. as quoted in Meyer, K. (1990). Pundits, poets, and wits. New York: Oxford University Press, p. xxxvii.
- ^ Shafer, Jack. "The Op-Ed Page's Back Pages: A press scholar explains how the New York Times op-ed page got started.". [2012-06-22]. (原始内容存档于2011-01-27).
- ^ Marc, David. journalism. Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. 2010.[永久失效链接]
- ^ Greenslade, Roy. US journalists launch campaign for 'op-ed transparency'. guardian.co.uk. 2011-10-11 [2011-10-16]. (原始内容存档于2011-10-13).
- ^ Silverman, Craig. Journos call for more transparency at NYT Op-Ed page: Toward a higher standard of disclosure. 2011-10-11 [2011-10-16]. (原始内容存档于2011-11-11).
外部链接
- DailyOpEd.com – read and search over 100 major newspaper op-eds.
- The Opinionator (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) – "provides a guide to the wide world of newspaper, magazine and Web opinion".
- OpedBlogs.com (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) – read the Blogosphere's Editorial Opinion.
- The OpEd Project (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) – "an initiative to expand public debate and to increase the number of women in thought leadership positions." Seminars around the US target and train women experts to make a powerful, evidence based case of public value, for the ideas and causes they believe in, and connect them with a system and network of support.
- The Do Good Gauge – is a research proposal. The many essays describe the problem or give direction to solution in the inefficiencies of political and social discourse. The website attempts to facilitate public authorship in pursuit of civic virtue.
- Shipley, David. And now a word from Op-Ed - The New York Times. 2004-02-01 [2011-10-16]. (原始内容存档于2012-02-26).
- Shipley, David Shipley, Editor, Op-ed. What we talk about when we talk about editing. The New York Times. 2005-07-31 [2011-10-16]. ISSN 0362-4331. (原始内容存档于2011-10-30).