燧石枪
燧石枪(英语:Flintlock)是一类存在于17-19世纪的枪械,包括燧发滑膛枪、燧发手枪、燧发线膛枪(来福枪)。燧石枪是由法国于17世纪发明的[1],燧石枪出现后,很快就取代了之前的火绳枪、簧轮枪以及较原始的燧石枪。燧石枪统治了枪械界长达两个世纪,深刻地影响了人类军事历史,直到19世纪才被采用击发式点火的枪械逐步取代[2]。
历史
原始的燧发击发装置,如狗锁式(doglock)、燧发机(snaphance)、弹簧枪械等早在16世纪就出现了,而真正意义上的燧石枪则是由法国于17世纪早期发明,而具体的发明者和发明年份则不得而知。目前比较流行的说法认为燧石枪是法国诺曼底艺术家、枪匠、琴师以及发明家马兰·勒·布尔乔亚(Marin le Bourgeoys)于1620年发明的[1]。勒·布尔乔亚设计的燧发击发装置成为了后来燧石枪的标准,很快就取代了之前的击发装置。燧石枪之后统治了枪械界整整两个世纪,直到19世纪早期才被新出现的雷管枪(使用击发式点火)逐步取代[3]。
参见
参考
- ^ 1.0 1.1 Lenk, Torsten; Translated by G.A. Urquhart. The Flintlock: its origin and development; MCMLXV. London: Bramhall House. 1965.
- ^ Flatnes, Oyvind. From Musket to Metallic Cartridge: A Practical History of Black Powder Firearms. Crowood Press, 2013, pp. 31–36. ISBN 978-1847975935
- ^ "Pistols: An Illustrated History of Their Impact" By Jeff Kinard, Published by ABC-CLIO, 2004
参考书目
- The Flintlock: its origin and development by Torsten Lenk, translated by G.A. Urquhart, edited by J.F. Hayward, 1965, published by Bramhall House, New York.
- Guns by Dudley Pope, 1969, Hamlyn Publishing Group, Ltd. This is an inexpensive large format book with excellent drawings of various firearm mechanisms.
- From Musket to Metallic Cartridge: A Practical History of Black Powder Firearms (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) by Oyvind Flatnes. Crowood Press, 2013, pp. 134–138. ISBN 978-1847975935