普尔曼大罢工

普尔曼大罢工
在普尔曼大罢工期间，美国铁路工会成员与伊利诺伊州陆军国民警卫队部队对峙。
日期	1894年5月11日
地点	美国芝加哥普尔曼爆发，后来遍及全国。
目标	承认
方法	罢工、抗议、示威
结果	行动失败
冲突方
美国铁路工会 铁路工人 普尔曼公司 总经理协会 美国国民警卫队
领导人物
尤金·V·德布斯 乔治·普尔曼 格罗弗·克里夫兰
人数
250,000人 12,000人
伤亡人数
死亡人数：30人 受伤人数：57人

普尔曼大罢工是美国在1894年5月11日的全国性铁路罢工行动，从而影响美国劳动法。其中美国铁路工会不满经营铁路运输的普尔曼公司对立，而美国总统格罗弗·克里夫兰领导的美国联邦政府也介入其中。冲突起源于5月11日，近4,000名普尔曼公司雇员因为工资调降，而在芝加哥普尔曼发动野猫罢工。不过最终罢工和抵制行动，迫使密歇根州底特律以西的大部分货运和客运都无法运作。

参见

• 美国铁路运输史
• 美国内乱事件一览表

参考文献

• Cleveland, Grover. The Government and the Chicago Strike of 1894 [1904]. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1913.
• DeForest, Walter S. The Periodical Press and the Pullman Strike: An Analysis of the Coverage and Interpretation of the Railroad Strike of 1894 by Eight Journals of Opinion and Reportage MA thesis. University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1973.
• Ginger, Ray. The Bending Cross: A Biography of Eugene V. Debs. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1949.
• Hirsch, Susan Eleanor. After the Strike: A Century of Labor Struggle at Pullman. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 2003.
• Lindsey, Almont. The Pullman Strike: The Story of a Unique Experiment and of a Great Labor Upheaval. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1943.
• Lindsey, Almont. "Paternalism and the Pullman Strike," American Historical Review, Vol. 44, No. 2 (Jan., 1939), pp. 272–289 in JSTOR （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
• Nevins, Allan Nevins. Grover Cleveland: A Study in Courage. (1933) pp. 611–28
• Papke, David Ray. The Pullman Case: The Clash of Labor and Capital in Industrial America. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 1999.
• Rondinone, Troy. "Guarding the Switch: Cultivating Nationalism During the Pullman Strike," Journal of the Gilded Age & Progressive Era 2009 8(1): 83–109 27p.
• Salvatore, Nick. Eugene V. Debs: Citizen and Socialist. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1984.
• Schneirov, Richard, et al. (eds.) The Pullman Strike and the Crisis of the 1890s: Essays on Labor and Politics. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1999.
• Smith, Carl. Urban Disorder and the Shape of Belief: The Great Chicago Fire, the Haymarket Bomb, and the Model Town of Pullman. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995.
• Winston, A.P. "The Significance of the Pullman Strike," Journal of Political Economy, vol. 9, no. 4 (Sept. 1901), pp. 540–561. In JSTOR （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
• Wish, Harvey. "The Pullman Strike: A Study in Industrial Warfare," Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society (1939) 32#3 pp. 288–312 in JSTOR （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

外部链接

• United States Strike Commission, Report on the Chicago Strike of June–July, 1894. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1895.
• Pullman Strike Timeline
• Chicago Strike （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
• The Pullman Strike, Illinois During the Gilded Age 1866–1894, Illinois Historical Digitization Projects at Northern Illinois University Libraries