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敌后

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敌后行动或作战,是指一个国家在敌人占据的本国国土上秘密行动或地下组织,作为抵抗运动或对敌谍报活动的基础。

第二次世界大战

二战时期,广泛存在规模浩大的敌后抵抗活动。

冷战

冷战时,北约中央情报局在很多欧洲国家资助组织了敌后网络,以在华约共产军占领或者共产党可能在大选中上台的局势下展开行动。根据Martin Packard的研究:"资质、武装、训练秘密抵抗行动,包括刺杀、政治挑衅、假情报。"[3] 1990年10月24日,意大利总理朱利奥·安德烈奥蒂公开承认短剑行动。1990年11月20日,欧洲议会发表声明,谴责“短剑行动”脱离了民主制度控制,对相关国家的平民生活带来了危险。欧洲议会要求予以彻查。

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参见

参考文献

  1. ^ Collins, John M. Military Geography. Potomac Books, Inc. 1998: 122 [2013-09-28]. ISBN 9781597973595. (原始内容存档于2013-10-11). The Pripet Swamp, which created a great gap between German Army Group Center and Army Group North soon after ... June 1941, made it impossible for large military formations to conduct mutually supporting operations. Attempts to bypass such extensive wetlands proved perilous, because outflanked Soviet stay-behind forces and partisans pounced on logistical troops as soon as German spearheads disappeared. 
  2. ^ Gill, Henry A. Soldier Under Three Flags: Exploits of Special Forces' Captain Larry A. Thorne. Pathfinder Publishing, Inc. 1998: 45 [2013-09-28]. ISBN 9780934793650. (原始内容存档于2013-10-11). The Finns soon became seriously hindered and harassed by Soviet forces operating in their rear areas. Some of these units were left to operate as stay-behind or partisan units as the Soviets retreated. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Packard, Martin. Getting It Wrong: Fragments From a Cyprus Diary 1964. UK: AuthorHouse. 2008: 364. ISBN 978-1-4343-7065-5. 
  4. ^ Ballinger, Adam. The quiet Soldier. 1994. ISBN 978-1-85797-158-3. 
  5. ^ Sinai, Tamir. Eyes on target: ‘Stay-behind’ forces during the Cold War. War in History. 8 December 2020: 0968344520914345. doi:10.1177/0968344520914345可免费查阅 –通过SAGE Journals. 
  6. ^ SMT-Verfahren im Zusammenhang mit der Kampfgruppe gegen Unmenschlichkeit (KgU), in: Bohse, Daniel/Miehe, Lutz (Hrsg.): Sowjetische Militärjustiz in der SBZ und frühen DDR: Tagungsband, Halle 2007.
  7. ^ Koestler, Orwell und „Die Wahrheit": die Kampfgruppe gegen Unmenschlichkeit (KgU) und das heimliche Lesen in der SBZ/DDR 1948 bis 1959
  • Ganser, Daniele, Nato's Secret Armies: Operation Gladio and Terrorism in Western Europe, ISBN 0-7146-5607-0 .