圣灵抵抗军叛乱
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圣灵抵抗军叛乱 | |||||||
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参战方 | |||||||
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![]() 支持: ![]() | ||||||
指挥官与领导者 | |||||||
约韦里·穆塞韦尼![]() ![]() ![]() |
约瑟夫·科尼 文森特·奥蒂 ![]() 拉斯卡·卢克维亚 † 奥科特·奥德希亚姆博 † 多米尼克·翁格文 ![]() 阿尔方斯·拉莫拉 † | ||||||
兵力 | |||||||
2002: ![]() |
1990: 200–800[10] 1998: 6,000[10] 2007: 840–3,000[11] 2014: 240[12] | ||||||
伤亡与损失 | |||||||
未知 | 约600人被杀 (2009–2010)[13] | ||||||
100,000+ 死亡[14] 400,000[15]–430,000+[16] 流离失所 |
圣灵抵抗军叛乱是圣灵抵抗军叛乱组织自1987年以来持续进行的游击战。[17]
上帝抵抗军的叛乱处于低强度战争。该运动由约瑟夫·科尼领导,他宣称自己是上帝的“代言人”和精神媒介。它旨在推翻约韦里·穆塞韦尼的乌干达政府并建立一个基于十诫和阿乔利人传统的政教合一政府。[18][19]
这场冲突是非洲持续时间最长的冲突之一,已导致人道主义危机。国际刑事法院指控圣灵抵抗军普遍侵犯人权,包括肢解、酷刑、奴役、强奸、绑架平民、使用童兵和大量屠杀。[20] 到2004年,圣灵抵抗军绑架了20,000多名儿童150万平民流离失所,估计有100,000平民丧生。[21]
参考文献
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- ^ People & Power. The LRA and Sudan. Al Jazeera English. [18 October 2014]. (原始内容存档于18 March 2015).
- ^ US forces hold LRA commander. 7 January 2015 [15 January 2019]. (原始内容存档于3 February 2019) –通过www.bbc.com.
- ^ Lord's Resistance Army commanded tried at the Hague. The Guardian (TheGuardian.com). 2015-01-26 [27 January 2015]. (原始内容存档于26 January 2015).
- ^ New Vision Online : LRA rebels clashes with CAR forces. Newvision.co.ug. 8 October 2010 [23 April 2011]. (原始内容存档于10 October 2010).
- ^ Armed forces – Uganda. www.nationsencyclopedia.com. [15 January 2019]. (原始内容存档于15 January 2019).
- ^ International Institute for Strategic Studies; Hackett, James (ed.) (2010-02-03). The Military Balance 2010. London: Routledge.
- ^ Hunting the LRA in Central Africa. VOA. [18 October 2014]. (原始内容存档于26 October 2014).
- ^ On the Hunt for Joseph Kony. Washington Post. [18 October 2014]. (原始内容存档于20 January 2017).
- ^ 10.0 10.1 Uppsala conflict data expansion. Non-state actor information. Codebook 互联网档案馆的存档,存档日期21 January 2012. pp. 206–209
- ^ IRIN • humanitarian news and analysis from Africa, Asia and the Middle East – updated daily 互联网档案馆的存档,存档日期22 December 2015. 30 May 2007. Accessed 3 September 2011.
- ^ Joseph Kony's LRA rebels on the run, focusing on survival. Cbc.ca. 19 July 2014 [18 October 2014]. (原始内容存档于2022-04-21).
- ^ CONFLICT BAROMETER 2010 (PDF). Hiik.de. [18 October 2014]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于24 September 2015).
- ^ Uganda (1987– 2010). [26 February 2015]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-21).
- ^ Uganda Civil War. www.globalsecurity.org. [15 January 2019]. (原始内容存档于15 January 2019).
- ^ January 25, 2012, OCHA, "LRA Regional Update: Central African Republic, DR Dongo and South Sudan: January–December 2011."
- ^ JAMES C. MCKINLEY JR. Uganda's Christian Rebels Revive War in North. New York Times. 1 April 1996.
- ^ Ruddy Doom and Koen Vlassenroot. Kony's message: A new Koine? The Lord's Resistance Army in northern Uganda. African Affairs. 1999, 98 (390): 5–36. S2CID 111914560. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a008002.
- ^ "Interview with Vincent Otti, LRA second in command" 互联网档案馆的存档,存档日期29 September 2007. and " A leadership based on claims of divine revelations" 互联网档案馆的存档,存档日期29 September 2007. in IRIN In Depth, June 2007.
- ^ International Criminal Court (14 October 2005). Warrant of Arrest unsealed against five LRA Commanders 互联网档案馆的存档,存档日期18 October 2015.. Retrieved 10 June 2008.
- ^ Forgiveness for Uganda's former rebels. News.bbc.co.uk. [18 October 2014]. (原始内容存档于24 October 2014).
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