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用户:日期20220626/超额死亡

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超额死亡是一种现象,是指一段时间内死亡人数与预期死亡人数的差额。有时某个时间段死亡人数过多(即死亡人数多于预期),而之后一段时间内死亡人数又少于预期。 [1][2]它通常由于热浪寒潮流行病瘟疫流感大流行饥荒战争等因素造成。

例如在热浪期间,人口中经常会出现额外的死亡,尤其是老年人和有严重基础性疾病的人更容易去世。然而在超额死亡之后,人们也观察到在随后的几周内总体死亡率有所下降。 [3]

参考文献

  1. ^ Islam, Nazrul; Shkolnikov, Vladimir M; Acosta, Rolando J; Klimkin, Ilya; Kawachi, Ichiro; Irizarry, Rafael A; Alicandro, Gianfranco; Khunti, Kamlesh; Yates, Tom. Excess deaths associated with covid-19 pandemic in 2020: age and sex disaggregated time series analysis in 29 high income countries. BMJ. 2021, 373: n1137. ISSN 1756-1833. PMC 8132017可免费查阅. PMID 34011491. doi:10.1136/bmj.n1137 (英语). 
  2. ^ Beaney, Thomas; Clarke, Jonathan M; Jain, Vageesh; Golestaneh, Amelia Kataria; Lyons, Gemma; Salman, David; Majeed, Azeem. Excess mortality: the gold standard in measuring the impact of COVID-19 worldwide?. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 2020, 113 (9): 329–334. ISSN 0141-0768. PMC 7488823可免费查阅. PMID 32910871. doi:10.1177/0141076820956802 (英语). 
  3. ^ Huynen, M.M.; Martens, P.; Schram, D.; Weijenberg, M.P.; Kunst, A.E. The Impact of Heat Waves and Cold Spells on Mortality Rates in the Dutch Population. Environmental Health Perspectives 109 (5). May 2001: 463–470. PMC 1240305可免费查阅. PMID 11401757. doi:10.1289/ehp.01109463.