2024年英国骚乱
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2024年英国骚乱 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
英国极右翼政治的一部分 | ||||
![]() 7月30日,绍斯波特骚乱发生期间一辆警车着火 | ||||
日期 | 2024年7月30日 | 至今(1周)|||
地点 | ||||
起因 | ||||
方法 | 暴动、示威、破坏公物、掠夺、纵火、歧视性袭击 | |||
冲突方 | ||||
伤亡 | ||||
受伤 | ||||
逮捕 | 超过400人[7] |
2024年英国骚乱(英语:2024 UK riots)是指自2024年7月30起在英国大规模爆发的极右派骚乱及示威行动,缘由为绍斯波特所发生的持刀袭击事件。后继多场骚乱被指由极右翼团体散布假新闻以煽动民众聚集街头[5],并具有伊斯兰恐惧症、种族歧视、反移民的特征[8][9][10]。
背景
绍斯波特持刀袭击事件
2024年7月29日,英国默西赛德郡绍斯波特的一个社区空间发生持刀袭击事件。当日正举办一场以泰勒丝为主题的幼儿瑜珈和舞蹈活动,而有25名儿童出席;期间,持刀者进入会场并向在场11名儿童及2名成年人施袭。事件最终造成3名儿童死亡,另外有8名儿童受伤,其中5人伤势严重(包括两名在场成年人)。案发后,一名17岁英国籍男子当场被捕[11]。
假消息
在持刀袭击事件之后,网上出现对疑犯身份和宗教信仰的错误推测及资讯[12]。多个具有高知名度的极右社交媒体账号,陆续传播包括疑犯国籍和移民身份在内的假消息[13],并讹传肇事者名叫“Ali Al-Shakati”。假消息最早来自Channel 3 Now网站,并在X平台上进一步传播[14][15][16]。X移除错误声称疑犯身份的原始帖文,该帖已获得170万次浏览,但这一假消息随后仍在网上迅速传播,总计获得1700万次浏览[17]。各大媒体普遍将社交媒体上的假消息视为骚乱的起因[18][14][19][20]。
政治传播学教授安德鲁·查德维克描述该推文为“故意捏造,以对少数族裔和移民产生敌意,这可能是一种伊斯兰恐惧症的宣传[17]”。极端右翼主义专家马修·费尔德曼评论道:“很难想像还有比妖魔化穆斯林和有色人种并导致街头骚乱的虚假故事更好的网络危害破坏现实世界的例子了[21]”。前安全事务国务大臣斯蒂文·迈帕特兰指责俄罗斯和普汀政权参与这场假消息的宣传战,称其为“俄罗斯剧本的一部分”[22]。《卫报》专栏作家欧文·琼斯责备X(前Twitter)为“假消息和极右言论的温床”,因为它传播关于该事件未经证实的消息[23]。
默西赛德郡警方试图辟谣,确认流传网络上名字与此案无关,并不是疑犯[24]。疑犯实际上出生于卡迪夫,于2013年搬到绍斯波特地区[25]。
时间轴
7月30日
大约在英国夏令时间20:05分,数百名极右抗议者抗议者聚集在绍斯波特清真寺外,高喊“决不投降!”和“我死也是英国人[26]!”几分钟内,抗议者与警方发生冲突[27]。抗议者筑起路障并呼喊极右组织英格兰护卫联盟创始人“汤米·罗宾逊”的名称。罗宾逊在两天前被捕后被释放[28]。到20:37分,抗议者开始向清真寺和警方投掷物品,导致一名警官受伤[29]。一辆警车被纵火[30],警方投放烟雾驱散民众[31]。默西赛德郡警方请求大曼彻斯特警察厅、柴郡警察厅、兰开夏郡警察厅及北威尔士警务处支援[32]。防暴警察于21:14分清空清真寺附近的区域[33],抗议者随后在夜幕降临时开始散去[34]。到23:14分,骚乱结束[30]。一家当地便利店被破坏[35]。
这场骚乱造成超过50名警察受伤,其中一些人伤势严重,还有3只警犬受伤,4人被捕。聚集群众当中,某些人被认为是英格兰护卫联盟的支持者;因着社交媒体流传假消息,他们误认为袭击者是穆斯林移民。
在骚乱期间,《卫报》报导称,极右活动人物在绍斯波特抗议开始前就已经在宣传该活动[26][1]。《哈芬登邮报》描述极右活动家“劫持”了对遇害者的守夜活动[36],而《曼彻斯特晚报》报导指“被谎言煽动的极右暴徒企图利用这场悲剧[37]。”默西赛德郡警方在骚乱当晚表示,他们认为英格兰护卫联盟的支持者参与并组织这场骚乱[2][38][39]。汤米·罗宾逊否认英格兰护卫联盟涉及骚乱,但表示绍斯波特人士的愤怒是“有道理的”[17]。
后续
默西赛德郡警察联合会表示,超过五十名警官受伤,西北救护车服务处报告称其中27人住院,12人在现场接受治疗后出院[40]。默西赛德郡警方表示,8名警官重伤,3只警犬受伤[41]。
一名来自斯坦迪什的男子因涉嫌持有刀具被逮捕[42]。警方实施24小时的“第60条令”,赋予警官进一步的搜查权限,并实施“第34条令”,允许警察将参与特定活动的人从该地区驱离。在骚乱后,默西赛德郡警方部署额外的警力,并保留救护车资源[40]。
反法西斯团体“希望而非仇恨”警告称,英国全国多个城市的极右翼团体可能会爆发进一步示威活动[22]。默西赛德郡警方也忧虑暴力升级[43]。
7月31日
伦敦白厅及英国其他地区也发生相关抗议,极右抗议者再次与警方爆发冲突。
- 伦敦:伦敦警察厅向名为“受够了[注 2]”的抗议活动施加公共秩序条件限制[22];后来,极右翼示威者与警方发生冲突[44][45],超过100人被逮捕[46]。
- 曼彻斯特:当日晚上,约40名示威者[47]聚集在一家据称安置寻求庇护者的假日酒店。这群人喊着“我们要取回我们的国家”,一句与英国极右团体有关的口号[48];事件导致两人被捕[49]。
- 达勒姆郡哈特尔浦:当晚亦爆发示威活动;有抗议者向警察投掷鸡蛋和玻璃瓶等物品,而一辆警车被纵火。当地警方出动防暴警察,而人群亦在晚上11时慢慢散去[50][51]。一些警官受伤,8人被捕[46]。
- 奥尔德肖特:一家收容移民酒店外也发生抗议活动[52]。汉普郡警察及犯罪事务专员唐娜·琼斯描述了当地出现“暴民型”行为,而汉普郡警察局报告称有200人聚集,其中少数人投掷物品,并使人们受到种族虐待[53]。
8月2日
当日晚上,有示威群众聚集在桑德兰的龙骨广场并在市中心周围游行;诺森布里亚警察的骑警和防暴警察亦跟随游行队伍。当某些游行者试图接近圣马可路的一座清真寺后,警方和游行人士在寺外发生冲突。示威者高喊“拯救我们的孩子”和“我们希望夺回我们的国家”,以及支持汤米·罗宾逊的口号和仇视伊斯兰教的歧视性用语[54][55]。一辆Uber的士被烧毁,当地商铺亦被洗劫。桑德兰中央警察局被人纵火,而开往桑德兰车站的火车亦被取消或改道至肯特郡圣彼得[56][57]。事后,四名警务人员被送院治理,而现场有12人被捕。
同一天晚上,大约一百名示威者聚集在利物浦,高呼反移民口号[58]。
各方反应
英国中央
![](http://images.weserv.nl/?url=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Prime_Minister_Keir_Starmer_holds_a_press_conference_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Prime_Minister_Keir_Starmer_holds_a_press_conference_%28cropped%29.jpg)
英国政府
英国首相基尔·斯塔默多次在公开场合谴责各地出现的施暴行为,并称为“极右派暴行”(far-right thuggery):
- 7月30日,他表示那些“劫持遇害者守夜活动”的人“侮辱正在哀悼的社区”,并表示骚乱者将面临法律的严惩[59]。
- 8月1日,他在与高级警官会面后,宣布成立全国暴力骚乱计划,以加强各警察部门在应对暴力骚乱时的合作[60]。
- 8月4日,他发表声明谴责各地所出现的“极右派暴行”,指责骚乱群众肆意散播暴力与种族主义言论并存,并强调这种行为毫无正当性。他亦指[61]:
对于那些因肤色或信仰而感到受到攻击的人,我知道这一定是多么可怕。我想让你知道这些暴力暴徒并不代表我们的国家。我们会将他们绳之以法。我们的警察值得我们的支持,因为他们应对任何爆发的暴力骚乱。
无论明显的原因或动机是什么,我们都一视同仁。犯罪就是犯罪。
内政大臣伊薇特·库珀谴责这场暴动“令人震惊”,并要求进行刑事调查[63]。《独立报》报道指,伊薇特·库珀正考虑将与绍斯波特暴动有关的英格兰护卫联盟列为恐怖组织,并予以取缔[22]。
内政部国务大臣大卫·汉森勋爵认为各地骚乱是有预谋及有组织地策划,并表示警方已经密切监察相关团体及使用人脸辨识技术来识别任何涉及暴行的人士。[64]
英国政党及国会议员
绍斯波特选区的工党籍国会议员帕特里克·赫尔利在7月31日的BBC广播四台的一个节目中表示,骚乱者不是当地居民,而是“乘火车来的暴徒”,他们“完全不尊重死伤儿童的家庭和这个城镇”[65]。对有骚乱参与者打破绍斯波特清真寺的窗户,赫尔利表示那些人“正在利用周一的恐怖事件,三个小孩的死亡,来达到自己的政治目的[66]。”
英国改革党领袖奈杰尔·法拉奇因暗示真相被隐瞒而受到批评,随后被一名前反恐警察指责其“煽动暴力”和“制造阴谋论”[67],而死于谋杀的国会议员乔·考克斯的丈夫也同样谴责他的言论,指责他“煽动骚乱”[68]。
北爱尔兰
北爱尔兰行政院
民族派北爱尔兰首席部长米歇尔·奥尼尔在社交平台X强调爱尔兰岛不容忍任何种族主义或针对少数族裔的攻击,并表示行政院及北爱尔兰警察局的首要任务必须是保护生命和财产,并应对任何种族主义、暴力和恐吓[69]。
联合派北爱尔兰副首席部长艾玛·利特尔-彭杰利表示北爱尔兰人绝大多数人会团结一致,应对恐吓、暴动和暴力,坚决反对仇恨和种族主义。
北爱尔兰议会
多个政党已经表态支持北爱尔兰议会召开特别会议;应北爱尔兰联盟党的建议,议会将于8月8日中午12点举行会议,讨论下列动议[70]:
本会谴责最日针对企业的刑事破坏,并拒绝一切形式的伊斯兰恐惧症、仇外心理和种族主义。
民间团体
利物浦地区清真寺网络和英国穆斯林协会发表声明谴责这场骚乱[71]。
国际社会
澳洲、印尼、马来西亚、尼日利亚和阿拉伯联合酋长国发出旅游警示,建议其公民避免前往英国的骚乱地带[72][73][74][75][76]。
参见
注释
参考文献
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- ^ Grierson, Jamie; Al-Othman, Hannah; Halliday, Josh; Dodd, Vikram. Southport police brace for more violence from far-right 'hooligans'. The Guardian. 2024-07-31 [2024-07-31]. ISSN 0261-3077 (英国英语).
- ^ Cobham, Tara; Davis, Barney; Evans, Holly; Stavrou, Athena. Southport protests latest: Far right mob clash with riot police near Downing Street and Cenotaph. 独立报. 2024-07-31 [2024-07-31].
- ^ Barton, Alex; Penna, Dominic; Evans, Martin; Stringer, Connor; Hymas, Charles; Henderson, Cameron; Sigsworth, Tim. Southport attack latest: Protesters clash with police during Southport demonstration in London. The Daily Telegraph. 2024-07-31 [2024-07-31]. ISSN 0307-1235 (英国英语).
- ^ 46.0 46.1 Mackintosh, Thomas. Southport protests: More than 100 arrests as disorder spreads. 英国广播公司新闻部s. 2024-07-31 (英语).
- ^ Holt, James. Protest erupts into violence as man assaulted and rocks pelted at police. Manchester Evening News. 2024-07-31 [2024-07-31] (英语).
- ^ Holt, James. Two arrested after police assaulted during violent disorder after protest. Manchester Evening News. 2024-07-31 (英语).
- ^ Southport protests: More than 100 arrests as disorder spreads. 英国广播公司新闻部. 2024-07-31 [2024-08-05] (英国英语).
- ^ Hartlepool protest leads to 'several' arrests. 英国广播公司新闻部. 2024-07-31 [2024-07-31] (英国英语).
- ^ Collinson, Felicity. LIVE: Riot police line street as 'disorder' breaks out after protest. Teesside Live. 2024-07-31 [2024-07-31] (英语).
- ^ Protest at Aldershot hotel criticised by MP. 英国广播公司新闻部. 2024-08-01 (英语).
- ^ Aldershot: 'Mob-type' protest at migrant hotel condemned by PCC. 英国广播公司新闻部. 2024-08-01 [2024-08-05] (英国英语).
- ^ Unrest in Sunderland city centre as protesters target mosque. BBC News (BBC). 2 August 2024 [2 August 2024]. (原始内容存档于4 August 2024).
- ^ Riddell, Kathryn. Car overturned and set on fire in Sunderland disorder as riot police attacked. Chronicle Live. 2 August 2024 [2 August 2024].
- ^ Dawson, Kristy. Sunderland protest updates as car overturned and riot police attacked. Chronicle Live. 2 August 2024 [2 August 2024].
- ^ Badshah, Nadeem; Vinter, Robyn. Police station set on fire in Sunderland as UK unrest rolls on. The Guardian. 2 August 2024 [2 August 2024]. (原始内容存档于4 August 2024).
- ^ Stephens, Max; Hymas, Charles; Henderson, Cameron; Stringer, Connor; Johnston, Neil. Southport stabbings latest: Fire breaks out next to police station amid riot in Sunderland. The Daily Telegraph. 2 August 2024 [2 August 2024]. ISSN 0307-1235 (英国英语).
- ^ Prime minister: Rioters will 'feel the full force of the law'. The Guardian. 2024-07-30 [2024-07-30] (英语).
- ^ Fatima, Zahra. Starmer announces new plan for police forces to tackle violent disorder. 英国广播公司新闻部 (英国广播公司). 2024-08-01 [2024-08-01] (英语).
- ^ PM statement: 4 August 2024. GOV.UK. 2024-08-04 [2024-08-05] (英语).
- ^ Mason, Rowena; Dodd, Vikram. Starmer to lead Cobra meeting after vowing swift justice awaits ‘far-right thugs’. 2024-08-04.
- ^ Home secretary condemns 'violent thugs' on streets of Southport. BBC News. 2024-07-30 [2024-07-30] (英语).
- ^ McKiernan, Jennifer. Far-right protesters warned 'We're watching you'. 英国广播公司新闻部. 2024-08-02 [2024-08-03].
- ^ Amos, Owen (编). Out of town thugs disrespected grieving families, MP says. BBC news. 2024-07-31 (英语).
- ^ Amos, Owen (编). 'Beered-up thugs' attacked mosque - MP. BBC news. 2024-07-31 (英语).
- ^ Dodd, Vikram; Quinn, Ben; Mason, Rowena. Former counter-terror chief accuses Farage of inciting Southport violence. The Guardian. 2024-07-31 [2024-07-31]. ISSN 0261-3077 (英国英语).
- ^ Cooke, Millie. Farage condemned for response to Southport attacks as MP accused of 'inciting riot'. 独立报. 2024-07-31 [2024-07-31] (英语).
- ^ Michelle O’Neill's X post. 2024-08-05.
- ^ Kearney, Vincent. NI Assembly to be recalled after anti-immigration protest. RTÉ News. RTÉ. 5 August 2024 [5 August 2024].
- ^ 'Inhumane act' nothing to do with Muslim community, says mosque network. BBC News. 2024-07-30 [2024-07-30] (英语).
- ^ Lancefield, Neil. Countries issue warnings to citizens over UK protests. The Independent. 5 August 2024 [5 August 2024] (英语).
- ^ Bhwana, Petir Garda. Indonesian Embassy in London Urges Indonesians to be Vigilant After Sunderland Riot. Tempo. 4 August 2024 [5 August 2024] (英语).
- ^ Malaysia issues warning to citizens over UK protests. North Wales Chronicle. 5 August 2024 [5 August 2024] (英语).
- ^ BREAKING: Nigeria Issues Travel Alert To Citizens Planning To Visit UK Over 'Unruly' Anti-Immigration Riots | Sahara Reporters. saharareporters.com. [5 August 2024].
- ^ UK protests live updates: Almost 400 arrested in week of riots as suspects appear in court. BBC News.