鼻喉亲缘性

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鼻喉亲缘性指喉音和鼻音化间的联系。这一概念由詹姆斯·马提索夫在1975年提出。^[1]^:265–287^[2]^:44–62

咽化和鼻化的产生在声学上有联系，可从反共振峰和时频谱中看出。这是因为两个音都有相离的共振：发鼻音时，口腔和鼻音均共振；发喉音时，会厌以下的空间和口腔发生共振。

虽然奉语中没有成音位的鼻化元音，但/h/后的元音还是会发生强烈的鼻化。相似的现象出现在皮拉罕语中，/h/和/ʔ/后元音会鼻化。美式英语中存在这种音变，比如肯尼迪将哈佛大学读作[hɑ̃ːvəd]。^[3]^:61–62

鼻喉亲缘性在古拉盖语群伊诺尔语的历时变化中能明显观察到。伊诺尔语有鼻化元音，这对古拉盖语言来说很不寻常。许多时候，鼻化元音出现在历史上曾是喉音或咽音的位置。^[4]鼻喉亲缘性在古拉盖语外也能观察到。^[5]^:13–24相似的过程还发生于爱尔兰语、^[6]^:109–132巴斯克语、^[7]^:635–663中北部黎语^[8]和纽勒语，班图语*p变成/ŋ/，而不是像其他卢希亚语那样变成/h/。

阿维斯陀语也展现出鼻喉亲缘性的影响：原始印度-伊朗语*s一般在阿维斯陀语中对应h，但在a/ā和r、i̯、u̯或a/ā间时却是软腭鼻音。例子有aŋra“邪恶”(梵语asra)、aŋhat̰“他可能是”(梵语ásat)和vaŋ́hō“更好”(梵语vasyas)。^[9]^:36–37

鼻喉亲缘性也可能出现在咽音上，不是声门音独有。例如，科伊科伊语xárà“狐獴”和科威语xánà“缟獴”(鼻音和非鼻化搭嘴音也体现出类似的对应)间的对应可能就是原始科伊语中的元音咽化。

另见

清鼻化声门近音

参考

^ Matisoff, James A. Rhinoglottophilia: The Mysterious Connection between Nasality and Glottality. Ferguson, Charles A.; Hyman, Larry M.; Ohala, John J. (编). Nasálfest: Papers from a Symposium on Nasals and Nasalization, Universals Language Project, Stanford University, Stanford. 1975.
^ Sprigg, Richard Keith. 'Rhinoglottophilia' re-visited: observations on 'the mysterious connection between nasality and glottality'. Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area. 1987, 10 (1).
^ Childs, G. Tucker. An Introduction to African Languages. John Benjamins. 2003. ISBN 9789027295880.
^ Boivin, Robert. Spontaneous nasalization in Inor. Hudson, Grover (编). Essays on Gurage language and Culture. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. 1996: 2133. ISBN 9783447038300.
^ Ahland, Michael. Nasal spreading, rhinoglottophilia and the genesis of a non-etymological nasal consonant in Mesmes. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society. 2006.
^ Ó Maolalaigh, Roibeard. Processes in nasalization and related issues. Ériu. 2003, 53.
^ Igartua, Iván. Diachronic effects of rhinoglottophilia, symmetries in sound change, and the curious case of Basque. Studies in Language. 2015, 39 (3). doi:10.1075/sl.39.3.04iga.
^ Norquest, Peter K. A Phonological Reconstruction of Proto-Hlai. Ph.D. dissertation. Tucson: Department of Anthropology, University of Arizona. 2007 [2021-06-20]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-03）.
^ Martínez, Javier; de Vaan, Michiel. Introduction to Avestan. 由Ryan Sandell翻译. Leiden: Brill. 2014. ISBN 978-90-04-25809-9.

[1] Matisoff, James A. Rhinoglottophilia: The Mysterious Connection between Nasality and Glottality. Ferguson, Charles A.; Hyman, Larry M.; Ohala, John J. (编). Nasálfest: Papers from a Symposium on Nasals and Nasalization, Universals Language Project, Stanford University, Stanford. 1975.

[2] Sprigg, Richard Keith. 'Rhinoglottophilia' re-visited: observations on 'the mysterious connection between nasality and glottality'. Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area. 1987, 10 (1).

[3] Childs, G. Tucker. An Introduction to African Languages. John Benjamins. 2003. ISBN 9789027295880.

[4] Boivin, Robert. Spontaneous nasalization in Inor. Hudson, Grover (编). Essays on Gurage language and Culture. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. 1996: 2133. ISBN 9783447038300.

[5] Ahland, Michael. Nasal spreading, rhinoglottophilia and the genesis of a non-etymological nasal consonant in Mesmes. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society. 2006.

[6] Ó Maolalaigh, Roibeard. Processes in nasalization and related issues. Ériu. 2003, 53.

[7] Igartua, Iván. Diachronic effects of rhinoglottophilia, symmetries in sound change, and the curious case of Basque. Studies in Language. 2015, 39 (3). doi:10.1075/sl.39.3.04iga.

[8] Norquest, Peter K. A Phonological Reconstruction of Proto-Hlai. Ph.D. dissertation. Tucson: Department of Anthropology, University of Arizona. 2007 [2021-06-20]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-03）.

[9] Martínez, Javier; de Vaan, Michiel. Introduction to Avestan. 由Ryan Sandell翻译. Leiden: Brill. 2014. ISBN 978-90-04-25809-9.

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