须蚁属

须蚁属
	Pogonomyrmex barbatus worker
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	节肢动物门 Arthropoda
纲：	昆虫纲 Insecta
目：	膜翅目 Hymenoptera
科：	蚁科 Formicidae
亚科：	家蚁亚科 Myrmicinae
族：	须蚁族 Pogonomyrmecini
属：	须蚁属 Pogonomyrmex; Mayr, 1868
模式种
	栗红须蚁 Pogonomyrmex badius; Latreille, 1802
多样性
	69种
异名
	Ephebomyrmex Wheeler, 1902 ; Forelomyrmex Wheeler, 1913 ; Janetia Forel, 1899 ;

须蚁属（学名：Pogonomyrmex）台译毛收割家蚁属，主要分布在北美洲、中美洲和南美洲的沙漠中，其中蚁种为海地的特有种。

描述

“Pogonomyrmex”是由“pogono-”和“myrmex”两个词组成的，前者译为“有胡须的”，后者则为“蚂蚁”的意思，即译为“长了胡子的蚂蚁”。胡须是为了在搬运种子时能更好地固定住种子，避免球形的种子滑动而进化出来的。

毒液

Pogonomyrmex工蚁的毒液是所有昆虫中毒性最强的，而其中的马里科帕须蚁（Pogonomyrmex maricopa（英语：Pogonomyrmex maricopa））又是迄今为止检测出毒性最强的。^[2] LD₅₀仅为 0.12毫克/千克，而西方蜜蜂的毒液为 2.8mg/kg，与眼镜蛇毒液相当。这种毒液被认为是一种反脊椎动物的防御手段，特别是针对那些进化出选择性以它们为食的捕食者，比如角蜥属的物种。很少有昆虫的毒液毒性经过正式测试，而其他昆虫的毒液可能更强效。

巢穴

该属蚂蚁的巢穴位于很深的地方，其中有许多巢室，它们在里面保存种子，从中为幼虫获取食物。大多数须蚁巢穴周围区域往往完全没有植被，从远处就很容易看到。

狩猎

除了角蜥之外，Clypeadon（英语：Clypeadon）属的蜂类会捕食须蚁，但它们只以Pogonomyrmex的工蚁为食，它们用毒液使工蜂麻痹，然后将它们带回洞穴，作为黄蜂幼虫的食物。

物种

截至 2014年，该属现存物种有 69种，1种化石物种。

Pogonomyrmex abdominalis Santschi, 1929
Pogonomyrmex andinus Kusnezov, 1951
寄生须蚁（英语：Pogonomyrmex anergismus） Pogonomyrmex anergismus' Cole, 1954
Pogonomyrmex angustus Mayr, 1870
安沙须蚁（英语：Pogonomyrmex anzensis） Pogonomyrmex anzensis Cole, 1968
阿帕奇须蚁（英语：Pogonomyrmex apache） Pogonomyrmex apache Wheeler, 1902
Pogonomyrmex atratus Santschi, 1922
Pogonomyrmex badius (Latreille, 1802)
Pogonomyrmex barbatus (Smith, 1858)
双色须蚁（英语：Pogonomyrmex bicolor） Pogonomyrmex bicolor Cole, 1968
大弯须蚁（英语：Pogonomyrmex bigbendensis） Pogonomyrmex bigbendensis Francke & Merickel, 1982
Pogonomyrmex bispinosus (Spinola, 1851)
Pogonomyrmex brevibarbis Emery, 1906
Pogonomyrmex brevispinosus Cole, 1968
Pogonomyrmex bruchi Forel, 1913
加州须蚁（英语：Pogonomyrmex californicus） Pogonomyrmex californicus (Buckley, 1866)
Pogonomyrmex carbonarius Mayr, 1868
Pogonomyrmex catanlilensis Gallardo, 1931
Pogonomyrmex coarctatus Mayr, 1868
Pogonomyrmex colei Snelling, 1982
Pogonomyrmex comanche Wheeler, 1902
Pogonomyrmex cunicularius Mayr, 1887
Pogonomyrmex desertorum Wheeler, 1902
†化石须蚁（英语：Pogonomyrmex fossilis） Pogonomyrmex fossilis Carpenter, 1930
Pogonomyrmex guatemaltecus Wheeler, 1914
Pogonomyrmex hoelldobleri Johnson, Overson & Moreau, 2013^[3]
Pogonomyrmex huachucanus Wheeler, 1914
Pogonomyrmex humerotumidus Vásquez-Bolaños & Mackay, 2004
Pogonomyrmex imberbiculus Wheeler, 1902
Pogonomyrmex inermis Forel, 1914
Pogonomyrmex kusnezovi Cuezzo & Claver, 2009^[4]
Pogonomyrmex laevigatus Santschi, 1921
Pogonomyrmex laevinodis Snelling, 1982
Pogonomyrmex laticeps Santschi, 1922
Pogonomyrmex lobatus Santschi, 1921
Pogonomyrmex longibarbis Gallardo, 1931
Pogonomyrmex magnacanthus Cole, 1968
Pogonomyrmex marcusi Kusnezov, 1951
马里科帕须蚁（英语：Pogonomyrmex maricopa） Pogonomyrmex maricopa Wheeler, 1914
Pogonomyrmex mayri Forel, 1899
Pogonomyrmex mendozanus Cuezzo & Claver, 2009^[4]
Pogonomyrmex meridionalis Kusnezov, 1951
Pogonomyrmex micans Forel, 1914
Pogonomyrmex mohavensis Johnson & Overson, 2009^[5]
Pogonomyrmex montanus MacKay, 1980
Pogonomyrmex naegelii Emery, 1878
Pogonomyrmex occidentalis (Cresson, 1865)
Pogonomyrmex odoratus Kusnezov, 1949
Pogonomyrmex pima Wheeler, 1909
Pogonomyrmex pronotalis Santschi, 1922
Pogonomyrmex rastratus Mayr, 1868
Pogonomyrmex rugosus Emery, 1895
Pogonomyrmex salinus Olsen, 1934
Pogonomyrmex saucius Wheeler & Mann, 1914
Pogonomyrmex schmitti Forel, 1901
Pogonomyrmex snellingi Taber, 1998
Pogonomyrmex stefani Lattke, 2006^[6]
Pogonomyrmex striatinodus Fernández & Palacio, 1998
Pogonomyrmex subdentatus Mayr, 1870
Pogonomyrmex subnitidus Emery, 1895
Pogonomyrmex sylvestris Lattke, 1991
Pogonomyrmex tenuipubens Santschi, 1936
Pogonomyrmex tenuispinus Forel, 1914
德州须蚁 Pogonomyrmex texanus Francke & Merickel, 1982
Pogonomyrmex theresiae Forel, 1899
Pogonomyrmex uruguayensis Mayr, 1887
Pogonomyrmex variabilis Santschi, 1916
Pogonomyrmex vermiculatus Emery, 1906
Pogonomyrmex wheeleri Olsen, 1934

加州须蚁 P. californicus
红胡须蚁 P. barbatus
正在收集食物
红胡须蚁 P. barbatus 的幼虫

参考

^ Bolton, B. Pogonomyrmex. AntCat. 2014 [23 July 2014].
^ W. L. Meyer. Chapter 23 — Most Toxic Insect Venom. Book of Insect Records. University of Florida. 1996-05-01. （原始内容存档于2008-06-13）.
^ Johnson, R. A., et al. (2013). A new species of seed-harvester ant, Pogonomyrmex hoelldobleri (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), from the Mohave and Sonoran Deserts of North America.^{[永久失效链接]} Zootaxa 3646(3), 201-27.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Cuezzo, F. and S. Claver. (2009). Two new species of the ant genus Pogonomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Argentina. Rev. Soc. Entomol. Argent 68(1-2), 97-106.
^ Johnson, R. A. and R. P. Overson. (2009). A new North american species of Pogonomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from the Mohave Desert of eastern California and western Nevada. Journal of Hymenptera Research 18(2), 305-14.
^ Lattke, J. E. (2006). A new species of Pogonomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from gallery forests of the Orinoco Watershed, Venezuela.^{[永久失效链接]} Myrmecologische Nachrichten 8, 53-57.

外部链接

维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：Pogonomyrmex

[AntCat-1] Bolton, B. Pogonomyrmex. AntCat. 2014 [23 July 2014].

[2] W. L. Meyer. Chapter 23 — Most Toxic Insect Venom. Book of Insect Records. University of Florida. 1996-05-01. （原始内容存档于2008-06-13）.

[john-3] Johnson, R. A., et al. (2013). A new species of seed-harvester ant, Pogonomyrmex hoelldobleri (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), from the Mohave and Sonoran Deserts of North America.^{[永久失效链接]} Zootaxa 3646(3), 201-27.

[cue-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Cuezzo, F. and S. Claver. (2009). Two new species of the ant genus Pogonomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Argentina. Rev. Soc. Entomol. Argent 68(1-2), 97-106.

[john2-5] Johnson, R. A. and R. P. Overson. (2009). A new North american species of Pogonomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from the Mohave Desert of eastern California and western Nevada. Journal of Hymenptera Research 18(2), 305-14.

[lat-6] Lattke, J. E. (2006). A new species of Pogonomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from gallery forests of the Orinoco Watershed, Venezuela.^{[永久失效链接]} Myrmecologische Nachrichten 8, 53-57.

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