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左旋甲基苯丙胺

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维基百科,自由的百科全书
左旋甲基苯丙胺
临床资料
给药途径医用 :吸入(鼻腔)
娱乐用 :口服 静脉注射, insufflation,吸入 栓剂
法律规范状态
法律规范
药物动力学数据
药物代谢肝脏
排泄途径
识别信息
  • (R)-N-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-2-amine
CAS号33817-09-3  checkY
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
CompTox Dashboard英语CompTox Chemicals Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.046.974 编辑维基数据链接
化学信息
化学式C10H15N
摩尔质量149.2
3D模型(JSmol英语JSmol
  • N([C@@H](Cc1ccccc1)C)C
  • InChI=1S/C10H15N/c1-9(11-2)8-10-6-4-3-5-7-10/h3-7,9,11H,8H2,1-2H3/t9-/m1/s1 checkY
  • Key:MYWUZJCMWCOHBA-SECBINFHSA-N checkY


左旋甲基苯丙胺 (levomethamphetamine)[note 1]又称左旋甲基安非他命,是右旋甲基苯丙胺光学异构体左旋甲基苯丙胺拟交感神经血管收缩剂,是一些非处方(OTC) 鼻腔去阻塞吸入剂英语nasal decongestant的活性成分[note 2]

药理学特性

左旋甲基苯丙胺可穿越血脑屏障并作为TAAR1激动剂英语TAAR1 agonist[3],也作为去甲肾上腺素释放剂英语norepinephrine releasing agent (对多巴胺系统较无影响[4])。它跟右旋甲基苯丙胺一样影响中枢神经系统,但作用方式不同[5]。不同于右旋甲基苯丙胺,它在低剂量没有造成欣快成瘾的特性[5][6][4]。在他的几项生理作用中,血管收缩作用使其可用于去鼻腔阻塞喷剂[7]

左旋甲基苯丙胺的半衰期约为13.3至15小时,右旋甲基苯丙胺则为10.5小时[8]

参见

注释

  1. ^ 其他名字包含l-methamphetamine, levodesoxyephedrine, l-desoxyephedrine, levmetamfetamine (INN and USAN).
  2. ^ The active ingredient in some OTC inhalers in the United States is listed as levmetamfetamine, the INN and USAN of levomethamphetamine.[1][2]

参考资料

  1. ^ CFR TITLE 21: DRUGS FOR HUMAN USE: PART 341 -- COLD, COUGH, ALLERGY, BRONCHODILATOR, AND ANTIASTHMATIC DRUG PRODUCTS FOR OVER-THE-COUNTER HUMAN USE. United States Food and Drug Administration. April 2015 [7 March 2016]. (原始内容存档于2019-12-25). Topical nasal decongestants --(i) For products containing levmetamfetamine identified in 341.20(b)(1) when used in an inhalant dosage form. The product delivers in each 800 milliliters of air 0.04 to 0.150 milligrams of levmetamfetamine. 
  2. ^ Levomethamphetamine. Pubchem Compound. National Center for Biotechnology Information. [2 January 2014]. (原始内容存档于2014-10-06). 
  3. ^ Levmetamfetamine. PubChem Compound. NCBI. [17 October 2014]. (原始内容存档于2014-10-18). 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Kuczenski, R; Segal, DS; Cho, AK; Melega, W. Hippocampus norepinephrine, caudate dopamine and serotonin, and behavioral responses to the stereoisomers of amphetamine and methamphetamine. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience. February 1995, 15 (2): 1308–17. PMID 7869099. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Melega, WP; Cho, AK; Schmitz, D; Kuczenski, R; Segal, DS. l-methamphetamine pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics for assessment of in vivo deprenyl-derived l-methamphetamine. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. February 1999, 288 (2): 752–8. PMID 9918585. 
  6. ^ Mendelson J, Uemura N, Harris D, Nath RP, Fernandez E, Jacob P, Everhart ET, Jones RT. Human pharmacology of the methamphetamine stereoisomers. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. October 2006, 80 (4): 403–20. PMID 17015058. doi:10.1016/j.clpt.2006.06.013. 
  7. ^ {{cite web | author=Pray SW | title=Nonprescription Products to Avoid With Hypertension | work=uspharmacist.com | accessdate=17 October 2014 | url=http://www.uspharmacist.com/content/d/consult_your_pharmacist/c/19370/页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) | quote=Topical Nasal Decongestants
  8. ^ Mendelson J, Uemura N, Harris D, et al. Human pharmacology of the methamphetamine stereoisomers. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. October 2006, 80 (4): 403–20. PMID 17015058. doi:10.1016/j.clpt.2006.06.013.