孤独症谱系障碍的共患病
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此条目目前正依照其他维基百科上的内容进行翻译。 (2018年2月13日) |
自闭症光谱疾患(包含亚斯伯格综合症)为起始于儿童且持续到成人时期的发展障碍。该疾患主要影响了三个与人类成长相关的重要领域:沟通、社交互动、局限的行为/思考模式。[1] 当前已知X染色体易裂症和癫痫为与自闭症光谱疾患有关/共伴的疾病。
在医学中的精神医学领域,共病指的是有一个或多个次要疾病与主要疾病共伴存在甚至加成至主要症状中。 大约10–15%的自闭症光谱患者带有根据孟德尔定律由单纯一个基因所决定的疾病、染色体异常、或其他基因病症。[2] 已知ASD与数个基因病症有关[3],可能是数个基因因素叠加后的结果。[4]
区分ASD和ASD的鉴别诊断很具有挑战性,因为ASD常常与其他病症的症状重叠,且ASD的特征多元,使得传统的诊断步骤不见得有用。[5][6]
共伴疾病
焦虑症
注意力不足过动症
躁郁症
消化道症状
发展协调障碍
癫痫
X染色体易裂症
性别焦虑
性别焦虑是对经历与性别认同相关的不适感的人(如跨性别者)的诊断。[7]自闭症患者更容易产生性别焦虑。[8][9][10]
智能障碍
学习障碍
神经发炎和免疫系统疾病
非言语的学习疾病
强迫症
妥瑞氏症
感官统合障碍
结节性硬化症
广泛性发展障碍
睡眠障碍
其他心理上的病症
恐惧症、忧郁症和其他精神病理学的疾病也常被用来形容有ASD的人,然而这部分截至2007年,尚未有系统综述文献加以证实。[12]
忧郁症在ASD身上的表现取决于其认知功能,低认知功能的ASD孩童,若同时罹患忧郁症,忧郁症通常以行为问题表现;高功能自闭症儿童且同时罹患忧郁症者,其忧郁症表现通常较偏向典型的忧郁症症状。[5]
忧郁症被认为更常发展、出现在高功能自闭症患者的青春期,这是因为他们可能已经成长到足以发现他们自己与其他人的不同之处。[13]
参见
文献
- ^ Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev.). Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association. 2000.
- ^ Folstein SE, Rosen-Sheidley B. Genetics of autism: complex aetiology for a heterogeneous disorder. Nat Rev Genet. 2001, 2 (12): 943–55. PMID 11733747. doi:10.1038/35103559.
- ^ Zafeiriou DI, Ververi A, Vargiami E. Childhood autism and associated comorbidities. Brain Dev (Review). 2007, 29 (5): 257–72. PMID 17084999. doi:10.1016/j.braindev.2006.09.003.
- ^ Cuthbert, Bruce. Overlap Blurs Diagnostic Categories – NIH-funded Study. http://www.nimh.nih.gov/. NIMH. March 1, 2013 [May 26, 2015]. (原始内容存档于2015-05-10).
National Institutes of Health-funded researchers discovered that people with disorders traditionally thought to be distinct – autism, ADHD, bipolar disorder, major depression and schizophrenia – were more likely to have suspect genetic variation at the same four chromosomal sites. These included risk versions of two genes that regulate the flow of calcium into cells.
- ^ 5.0 5.1 Johnny L. Matson; Peter Sturmey (编). International Handbook of Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders. New York: Springer. 2011: 53–74.
- ^ Underwood L, McCarthy J, Tsakanikos E. Mental health of adults with autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disability. Curr Opin Psychiatry (Review). September 2010, 23 (5): 421–6. PMID 20613532. doi:10.1097/YCO.0b013e32833cfc18.
- ^ Gender Dysphoria (PDF). American Psychiatric Publishing. [April 13, 2016]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2013-10-13).
- ^ Gender Identity Issues Linked to Autism, ADHD. MedScape. [May 8, 2016]. (原始内容存档于2019-06-02).
- ^ Glidden, Derek; Bouman, Walter Pierre; Jones, Bethany A.; Arcelus, Jon. Gender Dysphoria and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systemic Review of the Literature. Sexual Medicine Reviews. 2016, 4 (1): 3–14 [May 8, 2016]. PMID 27872002. doi:10.1016/j.sxmr.2015.10.003.
- ^ de Vries, Annelou L. C.; Noens, Ilse L. J.; Cohen-Kettenis, Peggy T.; van Berckelaer-Onnes, Ina A.; Doreleijers, Theo A. Autism Spectrum Disorders in Gender Dysphoric Children and Adolescents. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 2010, 40 (8): 930–936. ISSN 0162-3257. doi:10.1007/s10803-010-0935-9
(英语).
- ^ Harrison JE, Bolton, PF. Annotation: Tuberous sclerosis. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 1997, 38 (6): 603–614. PMID 9315970. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01687.x.
- ^ Matson JL, Nebel-Schwalm MS. Comorbid psychopathology with autism spectrum disorder in children: an overview. Res Dev Disabil. 2007, 28 (4): 341–52. PMID 16765022. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2005.12.004.
- ^ Mash EJ, Barkley RA. Child Psychopathology. New York: The Guilford Press. 2003: 409–454.
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