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地震数据采集

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Outlines of data acquisition (left) and typical seismogramm (right)

地震数据采集(英语:seismic data acquisition)是地震勘探三个不同阶段中的第一阶段,另外两个阶段是地震数据处理和地震解释[1]。 在采集地震数据之前,需要规划地震勘测设计[2],选取各种参数包括,例如震源类型、接收器类型、震源间距、接收器间距、阵列、通道数量、采样率、记录长度等。地震数据以地震道的形式记录,也称为震波曲线图。它代表地震波由震源穿过地下,经由岩层的声阻抗界面,反射回到接收器讯号[3]

陆上地震数据采集的震源类型有三种,炸药型[4],可控震源型[5],重量下放型[6]。海上震源类型有两种,空气枪型和炸药型 [7]。接收器在陆上用检波器[8],海上用海洋检波器(水听器[9]

参考文献

  1. ^ Yilmaz, Öz (2001). Seismic data analysis : processing, inversion, and interpretation of seismic data (2nd ed.). Society of Exploration Geophysicists. ISBN 978-1-56080-094-1
  2. ^ Stone, Dale (1994).Designing surveys in two and three dimensions. Society of Exploration Geophysicists. ISBN 978-1560800736
  3. ^ SCHLUMBERGER. "seismic trace - Schlumberger Oilfield Glossary". www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com.
  4. ^ Keary, Philip (2013). An Introduction to Geophysical Exploration (3., Auflage ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118698938
  5. ^ KIT. "Basic Geophysics: Landseismics - Vibroseis". youtube.com. Retrieved 17 July 2020
  6. ^ USGS. "A Hammer-Impact, Aluminum, Shear-Wave Seismic Source" (PDF). pubs.usgs.gov. Retrieved 16 July 2020
  7. ^ GEO ExPro (1 January 2010). "Marine Seismic Sources Part I". GEO ExPro. Retrieved 16 July 2020
  8. ^ Krohn, Christine E. (June 1984). "Geophone ground coupling". Geophysics. 49 (6): 722–731. doi:10.1190/1.1441700
  9. ^ AZoSensors (20 June 2012). "What is a Hydrophone?". AZoSensors.com. Retrieved 16 July 2020