1745年占士黨叛亂
1745年占士黨叛亂是查理斯·愛德華·斯圖亞特為奪回英國皇位的叛亂行動,試圖復辟斯圖亞特王朝。叛亂背景發生在奧地利皇位繼承戰爭時,大多數英國軍隊部署在歐洲大陸。查理斯·愛德華·斯圖亞特航行到蘇格蘭,在獲得占士黨協助下,連同蘇格蘭高地部落自格蘭芬南發動行動。最初叛亂團體在愛丁堡附近爆發的普雷斯頓潘斯戰役中獲得勝利,之後占士黨軍隊開始進駐英格蘭邊界卡立爾。當部隊到達打比時,英國政府從歐洲大陸召回軍隊支援。隨後占士黨軍隊往北退守至延文禮士,雙方最後在蘇格蘭卡洛登高地爆發最後一場戰鬥。占士黨最後在卡洛登戰役失敗使得行動告終,領導的查理斯·愛德華·斯圖亞特則逃離蘇格蘭,最後流亡至法國。
參考資料
- ^ Forty-five Rebellion. Britannica. [2016-03-07]. (原始內容存檔於2016-03-12).
參考文獻
- Robert Chambers, History of the Rebellion of 1745–6 (W. & R. Chambers, 1869).
- Eveline Cruickshanks, Political Untouchables. The Tories and the '45 (Duckworth, 1979).
- Christopher Duffy, The '45 (Cassell, 2003).
- Michael Hook and Walter Ross, The 'Forty-Five. The Last Jacobite Rebellion (Edinburgh: HMSO, The National Library of Scotland, 1995).
- Stephen McGarry, Irish Brigades Abroad, (Dublin, 2013)
- Thomas McInally, "Missionaries or Soldiers for the Jacobite Cause?". In Douglas J. Hamilton, ed., Jacobitism, Enlightenment and Empire, 1680–1820 (Routledge, 2015).
- Frank McLynn, The Jacobite Army in England. 1745. The Final Campaign (John Donald, 1998).
- Murray G. H. Pittock, 『Charles Edward (1720–1788)(頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)』, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, September 2004; online edn, May 2006, accessed 25 October 2009.
- W. A. Speck, The Butcher. The Duke of Cumberland and the Suppression of the 45 (Welsh Academic Press, 1995).
- Rex Whitworth, William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland. A Life (Leo Cooper, 1992).