賽費特-吉爾伯特增碳反應
賽費特-吉爾伯特增碳反應(Seyferth-Gilbert homologation),又稱賽費特-吉爾伯特同系化反應,指芳酮(或醛)與重氮甲基膦酸二甲酯(賽費特-吉爾伯特試劑)在叔丁醇鉀存在下反應生成取代炔烴。[1][2][3]
重氮甲基膦酸二甲酯是此反應中的一碳試劑。產物是比原料羰基化合物多一個碳的炔類,故名增碳反應或同系化反應。
反應機理
賽費特-吉爾伯特試劑被鹼去質子化,生成碳負離子,並對酮羰基進行親核加成,生成的烷氧基負離子再分子內進攻磷原子,環化生成噁磷雜丁環,然後開環,放出磷酸二甲酯,並產生乙烯基重氮化合物(Fa Fb),後者最後放出氮氣,得乙烯基卡賓,並發生1,2-遷移,得最終產物芳炔。
貝斯特曼改進法
通過1-重氮基-2-氧代丙基膦酸二甲酯(貝斯特曼試劑)與甲醇和碳酸鉀反應,在反應體系中原位產生賽費特-吉爾伯特試劑。
參見
參考資料
- ^ D. Seyferth, R. S. Marmor and P. Hilbert. Reactions of dimethylphosphono-substituted diazoalkanes. (MeO)2P(O)CR transfer to olefins and 1,3-dipolar additions of (MeO)2P(O)C(N2)R. J. Org. Chem. 1971, 36 (10): 1379–1386. doi:10.1021/jo00809a014.
- ^ J. C. Gilbert and U. Weerasooriya. Diazoethenes: their attempted synthesis from aldehydes and aromatic ketones by way of the Horner-Emmons modification of the Wittig reaction. A facile synthesis of alkynes. J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47 (10): 1837–1845. doi:10.1021/jo00349a007.
- ^ D. G. Brown, E. J. Velthuisen, J. R. Commerford, R. G. Brisbois and T. H. Hoye. A Convenient Synthesis of Dimethyl (Diazomethyl)phosphonate (Seyferth/Gilbert Reagent). J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61 (7): 2540–2541. doi:10.1021/jo951944n.
- ^ S. Müller, B. Liepold, G. Roth and H. J. Bestmann*. An Improved One-pot Procedure for the Synthesis of Alkynes from Aldehydes. Synlett. 1996, 1996 (06): 521–522. doi:10.1055/s-1996-5474.
- ^ G. Roth, B. Liepold, S. Müller and H. J. Bestmann. Further Improvements of the Synthesis of Alkynes from Aldehydes. Synthesis. 2004, 2004 (1): 59–62. doi:10.1055/s-2003-44346.