百科全書,或科學、藝術和工藝詳解詞典
![]() | 此條目可參照英語維基百科相應條目來擴充。 |
![]() | 此條目可參照法語維基百科相應條目來擴充。 |
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《百科全書,或科學、藝術和工藝詳解詞典》(法語:Encyclopédie, ou dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers),通稱《百科全書》(Encyclopédie),是1751年至1772年間由一批法國啟蒙思想家編撰的一部法語百科全書。共17卷正編,11捲圖編,此後其他人多有補編,1780年再版時共有35卷[1]:48-49。《百科全書》以啟蒙主義為目的,條目常常夾敘夾議、議論時政,造成有時知識的介紹被議論喧賓奪主,從百科全書的角度而言並不能算是一部理想的工具書[1]:48。
全書由法國的印刷業主布雷頓策劃[1]:47,1751年起由狄德羅主編,1759年起由讓·勒朗·達朗貝爾共同主編。參加編纂的主要人員有孟德斯鳩、魁奈、杜爾哥、伏爾泰、盧梭、布豐等不少法國啟蒙運動時期的著名人物。他們被稱為百科全書派(Encyclopédiste)。
《百科全書》是啟蒙時代思想的代表之作,儘管原計劃是翻譯1728年英國出版的《百科全書:或藝術與科學通用字典》,它卻成為了是歷史上第一部致力於科學、藝術的綜合性百科全書。正如主編狄德羅所述,《百科全書》的目標是「改變人們的思維方式」。[2]1751年第1卷出版後,就遭到政府與教會的壓力,導致有幾卷不得不地下發行,最後10卷甚至改用假封面和倒填日期出版[1]:48。
參見
參考資料
- 引用
- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 金常政. 百科全书的故事. 北京: 北京圖書館出版社. 2005-03. ISBN 7501326231.
- ^ Lynn Hunt; Christopher R. Martin; Barbara H. Rosenwein; R. Po-chia Hsia, Bonnie G. Smith. The Making of the West: Peoples and Cultures, A Concise History, Volume II: Since 1340. Bedford/St. Martin's. 28 July 2006: 611 [31 January 2013]. ISBN 978-0-312-43946-0. (原始內容存檔於2014-09-29).
- 來源
- Blom, Philipp, Enlightening the world: Encyclopédie, the book that changed the course of history, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005, ISBN 1-4039-6895-0
- Brewer, Daniel. The Discourse of Enlightenment in Eighteenth-century France: Diderot and the Art of Philosophizing. Cambridge, England: Cambridge UP, 1993.
- Brewer, Daniel, "The Encyclopédie: Innovation and Legacy" in New Essays on Diderot, edited by James Fowler, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011, ISBN 0-521-76956-6
- Burke, Peter, A social history of knowledge: from Gutenberg to Diderot, Malden: Blackwell Publishers Inc., 2000, ISBN 0-7456-2485-5
- Darnton, Robert. The Business of Enlightenment: A Publishing History of the Encyclopédie, 1775-1800. Cambridge: Belknap, 1979.
- Hunt, Lynn, The Making of the West: Peoples and Cultures: A Concise History: Volume II: Since 1340, Second Edition, Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2007, ISBN 0-312-43937-7
- Kramnick, Isaac, "Encyclopédie" in The Portable Enlightenment Reader, edited by Isaac Kramnick, Toronto: Penguin Books, 1995, ISBN 0-14-024566-9
- Lough, John. The Encyclopédie. New York: D. McKay, 1971.
- Magee, Bryan, The Story of Philosophy, New York: DK Publishing, Inc., 1998, ISBN 0-7894-3511-X
- O'Sullivan, Dan. Wikipedia: A New Community of Practice? Farnham, Surrey, 2009, ISBN 9780754674337.
- Roche, Daniel. "Encyclopedias and the Diffusion of Knowledge." The Cambridge History of Eighteenth-century Political Thought. By Mark Goldie and Robert Wokler. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2006. 172–94.
- Spielvogel, Jackson J, Western Civilization, Boston: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2011, ISBN 0-495-89733-7
拓展閱讀
- d'Alembert, Jean Le RondPreliminary discourse to the Encyclopedia of Diderot, translated by Richard N. Schwab, 1995. ISBN 0-226-13476-8
- Darnton, Robert. "The Encyclopédie wars of prerevolutionary France." American Historical Review 78.5 (1973): 1331-1352. online (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- Donato, Clorinda, and Robert M. Maniquis, eds. The Encyclopédie and the Age of Revolution. Boston: G. K. Hall, 1992. ISBN 0-8161-0527-8
- Encyclopédie ou dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers, Editions Flammarion, 1993. ISBN 2-08-070426-5
- Grimsley. Ronald. Jean d'Alembert (1963)
- Hazard, Paul. European thought in the eighteenth century from Montesquieu to Lessing (1954). pp 199-224
- Kafker, Frank A. and Serena L. Kafker. The Encyclopedists as individuals: a biographical dictionary of the authors of the Encyclopédie (1988) ISBN 0-7294-0368-8
- Lough, John. Essays on the Encyclopédie of Diderot and d'Alembert Oxford UP, 1968.
- Pannabecker, John R. Diderot, the Mechanical Arts, and the Encyclopédie, 1994. With bibliography.
外部連結
維基文庫中的相關文獻:
- Encyclopédie. 新國際百科全書. 1905.
- Encyclopédie. The Nuttall Encyclopædia. 1907 (英語).
法語維基文庫中與本條目相關的原始文獻:Encyclopédie, ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers
- Digitized version of the Encyclopédie
- Diderot (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館) – search engine in tribute to Diderot
- University of Chicago on-line version with an English interface and the dates of publication (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- Encyclopedia of Diderot and d'Alembert Collaborative Translation Project (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館) currently contains a growing collection of articles translated into English (2,648 articles and sets of plates as of February 13, 2018).
- Online Books Page presentation of the first edition
- The Encyclopédie (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館), BBC Radio 4 discussion with Judith Hawley, Caroline Warman and David Wootton (In Our Time, Oct. 26, 2006)
維基共享資源上的相關多媒體資源:百科全書,或科學、藝術和工藝詳解詞典
法語維基文庫中與本條目相關的原始文獻:Encyclopédie, ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers
- ENCYCLOPEDIE (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)(法文)
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