收復的領土

收復的領土（波蘭語：Ziemie Odzyskane）是一個地理詞彙，指二戰之後波蘭人民共和國自德國獲得的領土。波蘭政府自戰後自1949年期間曾廣泛使用這一詞彙。德國則稱這一片領土為德國前東部領土^[1]。戰後西德不承認放棄德國前東部領土的主權，但在1990年兩德統一，德國與波蘭簽訂德波國境條約之後，德國和波蘭的國境問題已完全解決。

「收復」這一詞本身帶有強烈的宣傳含義^[2]。這一帶領土在中世紀時期曾有部分屬皮雅斯特王朝，波蘭人民共和國當局通過「收復」一詞宣傳自己是皮雅斯特王朝的正當繼承者^[1]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]。而這一地區的德國文化傳統直到1989年波蘭民主化之前都被波蘭當局否定^[7]。不過在1949年後，波蘭當局為了強調這一片領土並不具特殊性，不再使用「收復的領土」這一詞彙。

參考文獻

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 An explanation note in "The Neighbors Respond: The Controversy Over the Jedwabne Massacre in Poland" （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, ed. by Polonsky and Michlic, p.466
^ Tomasz Kamusella and Terry Sullivan in Karl Cordell, Ethnicity and Democratisation in the New Europe, 1999, p.169: "[the term "recovered territories" was] christened so by the Polish communist-cum-nationalist propaganda", ISBN 0415173124, 9780415173124
^ Joanna B. Michlic, Poland's Threatening Other: The Image of the Jew from 1880 to the Present, 2006, pp.207-208, ISBN 0803232403, 9780803232402
^ Norman Davies, God's Playground: A History of Poland in Two Volumes, 2005, pp.381ff, ISBN 0199253404, 9780199253401
^ Geoffrey Hosking, George Schopflin, Myths and Nationhood, 1997, p.153, ISBN 0415919746, 9780415919746
^ Jan Kubik, The Power of Symbols Against the Symbols of Power: The Rise of Solidarity and the Fall of State Socialism in Poland, 1994, pp.64-65, ISBN 0271010843, 9780271010847
^ Karl Cordell, Stefan Wolff, Germany's Foreign Policy Towards Poland and the Czech Republic: Ostpolitik Revisited, 2005, ISBN 0415369746, 9780415369749, p.139 （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）: "In addition [...] it has been relatively easy for Polish historians and others to attempt to debunk communist historiography and present a more balanced analysis of the past - and not only with respect to Germany. It has been controversial, and often painful, but nevertheless it has been done. For example, Poland's acquisition in 1945 of eastern German territories is increasingly presented as the price Germany paid for launching a total war, and then having lost it totally. The 'recovered territories' thesis previously applied in almost equal measures by the communists and Catholic Church has been discarded. It is freely admitted in some circles that on the whole 'the recovered territorries' in fact had a wholly German character. The extent to which this fact is transmitted to other groups than the socially and politically engaged is a matter for some debate.

[neires466-1] 1.0 ^1.1 An explanation note in "The Neighbors Respond: The Controversy Over the Jedwabne Massacre in Poland" （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, ed. by Polonsky and Michlic, p.466

[Cordell_1999-2] Tomasz Kamusella and Terry Sullivan in Karl Cordell, Ethnicity and Democratisation in the New Europe, 1999, p.169: "[the term "recovered territories" was] christened so by the Polish communist-cum-nationalist propaganda", ISBN 0415173124, 9780415173124

[michlic207-208-3] Joanna B. Michlic, Poland's Threatening Other: The Image of the Jew from 1880 to the Present, 2006, pp.207-208, ISBN 0803232403, 9780803232402

[Norman_Davies_2005-4] Norman Davies, God's Playground: A History of Poland in Two Volumes, 2005, pp.381ff, ISBN 0199253404, 9780199253401

[Geoffrey_Hosking_1997,_p.153-5] Geoffrey Hosking, George Schopflin, Myths and Nationhood, 1997, p.153, ISBN 0415919746, 9780415919746

[kubik64-65-6] Jan Kubik, The Power of Symbols Against the Symbols of Power: The Rise of Solidarity and the Fall of State Socialism in Poland, 1994, pp.64-65, ISBN 0271010843, 9780271010847

[Cordell_2005-7] Karl Cordell, Stefan Wolff, Germany's Foreign Policy Towards Poland and the Czech Republic: Ostpolitik Revisited, 2005, ISBN 0415369746, 9780415369749, p.139 （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）: "In addition [...] it has been relatively easy for Polish historians and others to attempt to debunk communist historiography and present a more balanced analysis of the past - and not only with respect to Germany. It has been controversial, and often painful, but nevertheless it has been done. For example, Poland's acquisition in 1945 of eastern German territories is increasingly presented as the price Germany paid for launching a total war, and then having lost it totally. The 'recovered territories' thesis previously applied in almost equal measures by the communists and Catholic Church has been discarded. It is freely admitted in some circles that on the whole 'the recovered territorries' in fact had a wholly German character. The extent to which this fact is transmitted to other groups than the socially and politically engaged is a matter for some debate.

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閱論編波蘭人民共和國歷史
戰後早期（1945年—1948年）	收復的領土波蘭人口轉移驅逐德國人維斯瓦河行動波蘭共和國臨時政府波蘭民族解放委員會民族團結臨時政府十六人公審被詛咒的士兵奧古斯圖夫追捕（英語：Augustów roundup） 1946年波蘭人民公投 1947年波蘭議會選舉 1947年小憲法（英語：Small Constitution of 1947） 1947年大赦（英語：Amnesty of 1947）貿易戰（英語：Battle for trade）三年計劃（英語：Three-Year Plan）
貝魯特蘇維埃化時期（1948年—1956年）	波蘭統一工人黨六年計劃波蘭人民共和國的集體化（英語：Collectivization in the Polish People's Republic）波蘭的社會主義現實主義學說（英語：Socialist realism in Poland） 1951年莫科托夫監獄犯人處決（英語：Mokotów Prison executions of 1951）波蘭人民共和國憲法對克拉科夫教廷的審判（英語：Stalinist show trial of the Kraków Curia）公審軍官（英語：Trial of the Generals） PAX協會波茲南事件波蘭十月事件
哥穆爾卡獨裁共產主義時期（1956年—1970年）	1957年波蘭議會選舉波蘭國家千年紀念波蘭教廷向德國教廷致信 1968年波蘭政治危機華沙之跪 1970年波蘭抗議事件
蓋萊克對外開放時期（1970年—1981年）	1971年羅茲罷工（英語：1971 Łódź strikes）五十九人聯名信（英語：Letter of 59）六月抗爭勞工保護委員會（英語：Workers' Defence Committee）移動大學 1980年盧布林罷工（英語：1980 Lublin strikes）格但斯克協議亞斯琴別-茲德魯伊罷工（英語：Jastrzębie-Zdrój strikes）團結工會獨立學聯（英語：Independent Students' Association）團結農會比得哥什事件（英語：Bydgoszcz events） 1981年波蘭警告罷工（英語：1981 warning strike in Poland） 1981年波蘭反飢餓示威（英語：1981 Polish hunger demonstrations）
雅魯澤爾斯基的專政和覆滅（1981年—1989年）	波蘭戒嚴宵禁救國軍事委員會民族復興愛國運動烏傑克煤礦罷工事件 1982年波蘭抗議戰鬥團結工會青年鬥爭聯合會（英語：Federation of Fighting Youth）橙色運動 (波蘭) 澤林斯基兄弟逃亡事件（英語：Zieliński brothers escape） 1987年波蘭政治經濟改革公投 1988年波蘭罷工波蘭圓桌會議 1989年波蘭議會選舉粗線政策（英語：Thick line）眾議院協約（英語：Contract Sejm）