^Makoto Iokibe. The Diplomatic History of Postwar Japan. Routledge. 2013-10-31: 178. ISBN 978-1-135-26735-3（英語）. The birth of a framework for regional cooperation involving Japan like APEC, which replaced the Cold War structure, was psychologically significant. .The creation of APEC, however, was not recorded as a bright achievemnt for Japan. ...and out of concern that Japan's leadership in the region evoked negative feelings based on historical memory, the honor of creating APEC was given to Australia. Japan had to be content with a backseat
