小頭蛇屬
小頭蛇屬
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| 錨斑小頭蛇 Oligodon affinis | |
科學分類 
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| 界： | 動物界 Animalia |
| 門： | 脊索動物門 Chordata |
| 綱： | 爬蟲綱 Reptilia |
| 目： | 有鱗目 Squamata |
| 亞目： | 蛇亞目 Serpentes |
| 科： | 游蛇科 Colubridae |
| 亞科： | 黃頷蛇亞科 Colubrinae |
| 屬： | 小頭蛇屬 Oligodon Fitzinger, 1826 |
| 異名 | |
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小頭蛇屬（學名：Oligodon）是蛇亞目游蛇科下的一個蛇屬，主要分佈於亞洲南亞、東南亞等地區。
1826年，奧地利動物學家利奧波德·費卿格根據德國動物學家海因里希·博伊厄未發表的手稿建立了小頭蛇屬，該屬是游蛇科內所轄物種最多的屬之一，目前已被描述80餘種。小頭蛇的上頜骨齒扁平而寬大，後緣具有獨特的反曲形鋒利刃面，類似廓爾喀戰士所持的彎刀，故其英文名為「Kukri snake」。擁有這種鋒利的彎刀狀牙齒，小頭蛇在取食較大的爬行動物的卵時，可以切破蛋殼，從中吸取蛋液；在捕獵體型較大無法吞食的兩棲動物時，該屬的一些成員會切開兩棲動物的腹部，取食其內臟。[1]
分類
截止2022年6月4日，根據reptile-database中的數據，本屬包含88種：[2]
- 錨斑小頭蛇 Oligodon affinis Günther, 1862
- 喜山小頭蛇 Oligodon albocinctus (Cantor, 1839)
- 北部小頭蛇 Oligodon ancorus (Girard, 1858)
- 安南小頭蛇 Oligodon annamensis Leviton, 1953[3]
- 環紋小頭蛇 Oligodon annulifer (Boulenger, 1893)
- 沙地小頭蛇 Oligodon arenarius Vassilieva, 2015[4]
- 人斑小頭蛇 Oligodon arnensis (Shaw, 1802)
- 泰國小頭蛇 Oligodon barroni (Smith, 1916)
- 爪哇小頭蛇 Oligodon bitorquatus Boie, 1827
- 雙線小頭蛇 Oligodon bivirgatus Qian, Qi, Shi, Lu, Jenkins, Mo & Li, 2021
- 武烈小頭蛇 Oligodon booliati Leong & Grismer, 2004
- 短頭小頭蛇 Oligodon brevicauda Günther, 1862
- 蘆杆小頭蛇 Oligodon calamarius (Linnaeus, 1758)
- 菱斑小頭蛇 Oligodon catenata (Blyth, 1854)
- 吉仙小頭蛇 Oligodon cattienensis Vassilieva, Geissler, Galoyan, Poyarkov, Devender & Böhme, 2013[5]
- 中國小頭蛇 Oligodon chinensis (Günther, 1888)
- 朱拉小頭蛇 Oligodon churahensis Mirza, Bhardwaj & Patel, 2021[6]
- 紫棕小頭蛇 Oligodon cinereus (Günther, 1864)
- 昆島小頭蛇 Oligodon condaoensis Nguyen, Nguyen, Le & Murphy, 2016[7]
- 血色小頭蛇 Oligodon cruentatus (Günther, 1868)
- 占婆島小頭蛇 Oligodon culaochamensis Nguyen, Nguyen, Nguyen, Phan, Jiang & Murphy, 2017[8]
- 管狀小頭蛇 Oligodon cyclurus (Cantor, 1839)
- 杜夫小頭蛇 Oligodon deuvei David, Vogel & Van Rooijen, 2008
- 脊紋小頭蛇 Oligodon dorsalis (Gray, 1834)
- 菱斑小頭蛇 Oligodon eberhardti Pellegrin, 1910
- 赤腹小頭蛇 Oligodon erythrogaster Boulenger, 1907
- 紅脊小頭蛇 Oligodon erythrorhachis Wall, 1910
- 埃氏小頭蛇 Oligodon everetti Boulenger, 1893
- 束紋小頭蛇 Oligodon fasciolatus (Günther, 1864)
- 福布斯小頭蛇 Oligodon forbesi (Boulenger, 1883)
- 台灣小頭蛇 Oligodon formosanus (Günther, 1872)
- 條紋小頭蛇 Oligodon hamptoni Boulenger, 1918
- 華欣小頭蛇 Oligodon huahin Pauwels, Larsen, Suthanthangjai, David & Sumontha, 2017[9]
- 素色小頭蛇 Oligodon inornatus (Boulenger, 1914)
- 金氏小頭蛇 Oligodon jintakunei Pauwels, Wallach, David & Chanhome, 2002
- 黑網小頭蛇 Oligodon joynsoni (Smith, 1917)
- 大吉嶺小頭蛇 Oligodon juglandifer (Wall, 1909)
- 柬埔寨小頭蛇 Oligodon kampucheaensis Neang, Grismer & Daltry, 2012
- 珊瑚紅小頭蛇 Oligodon kheriensis Acharji & Ray, 1936
- 圓斑小頭蛇 Oligodon lacroixi Angel & Bourret, 1933
- 墨脫小頭蛇 Oligodon lipipengi Jiang, Wang, Li, Ding, Ding & Che, 2020
- 龍勝小頭蛇 Oligodon lungshenensis Zheng & Huang, 1978
- 長尾小頭蛇 Oligodon macrurus (Angel, 1927)
- 斑點小頭蛇 Oligodon maculatus (Taylor, 1918)
- 棕脊小頭蛇 Oligodon mcdougalli Wall, 1905
- 棕黑小頭蛇 Oligodon melaneus Wall, 1909 [10]
- 黑帶小頭蛇 Oligodon melanozonatus Wall, 1922
- 梅氏小頭蛇 Oligodon meyerinkii (Steindachner, 1891)
- 呂宋小頭蛇 Oligodon modestus Günther, 1864
- 莫里斯小頭蛇 Oligodon moricei David, Vogel & Van Rooijen, 2008
- 莫氏小頭蛇 Oligodon mouhoti (Boulenger, 1914)
- 方斑小頭蛇 Oligodon nagao David, Nguyen, Nguyen, Jiang, Chen, Teynié & Ziegler, 2012
- 尼基氏小頭蛇 Oligodon nikhili Whitaker & Dattatri, 1982
- 巴拉望小頭蛇 Oligodon notospilus Günther, 1873
- 眼斑小頭蛇 Oligodon ocellatus (Morice, 1875)
- 八線小頭蛇 Oligodon octolineatus (Schneider, 1801)
- 飾紋小頭蛇 Oligodon ornatus Van Denburgh, 1909
- 珀氏小頭蛇 Oligodon perkinsi (Taylor, 1925)
- 溫柔小頭蛇 Oligodon petronellae Roux, 1917
- 帕岸小頭蛇 Oligodon phangan Pauwels, Thongyai, Chantong & Sumontha, 2021
- 平頂小頭蛇 Oligodon planiceps (Boulenger, 1888)
- 韋島小頭蛇 Oligodon praefrontalis Werner, 1913
- 素叻他尼小頭蛇 Oligodon promsombuti Pauwels, Thongyai, Chantong & Sumontha, 2021
- 鄰家小頭蛇 Oligodon propinquus Jan, 1862
- 擬山斑小頭蛇 Oligodon pseudotaeniatus David, Vogel & Van Rooijen, 2008
- 巴東小頭蛇 Oligodon pulcherrimus Werner, 1909
- 紫斑小頭蛇 Oligodon purpurascens (Schlegel, 1837)
- 長吻小頭蛇 Oligodon rostralis Nguyen, Tran, Nguyen, Neang, Yushenko & Poyarkov, 2020
- Oligodon russelius
- 聖吉倫斯小頭蛇 Oligodon saintgironsi Oligodon saintgironsi David, Vogel & Pauwels, 2008
- 賽育小頭蛇 Oligodon saiyok Sumontha, Kunya, Dangsri & Pauwels, 2017[11]
- 箭斑小頭蛇 Oligodon signatus (Günther, 1864)，基異名為Simotes signatus Günther, 1864
- Oligodon speleoserpens Pawangkhanant, Poyarkov, Ward-Smith, Grassby-Lewis, Sumontha, Kliukin, Idiiatullina, Trofimets, Suwannapoom & Lee, 2024[12]
- 麗紋小頭蛇 Oligodon splendidus (Günther, 1875)，基異名為 Simotes splendidus Günther, 1875
- 腹鏈小頭蛇 Oligodon sublineatus Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854[13]
- 山斑小頭蛇 Oligodon taeniatus (Günther, 1861)
- 斯里蘭卡小頭蛇 Oligodon taeniolatus (Jerdon, 1853)
- Oligodon teyniei David, Hauser & Vogel, 2022[14]
- 緬甸小頭蛇 Oligodon theobaldi (Günther, 1868)
- 庫爾杜瓦迪小頭蛇 Oligodon tillacki Bandara, Ganesh, Kanishka, Danushka, Sharma, Campbell, Ineich, Vogel & Amarasinghe, 2022[15]
- Oligodon tolaki [16]
- 頸斑小頭蛇 Oligodon torquatus (Boulenger, 1888)
- 特拉凡哥爾小頭蛇 Oligodon travancoricus Beddome, 1877
- 三線小頭蛇 Oligodon trilineatus (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)
- Oligodon tuani Nguyen, Le, Vo & Murphy, 2022
- 單色小頭蛇 Oligodon unicolor (Kopstein, 1926)
- 神女小頭蛇 Oligodon venustus (Jerdon, 1853)
- 黑脊小頭蛇 Oligodon vertebralis Günther, 1865
- 布氏小頭蛇 Oligodon waandersi (Bleeker, 1860)
- 瓦氏小頭蛇 Oligodon wagneri David & Vogel, 2012
- 黃紋小頭蛇 Oligodon woodmasoni (Sclater, 1891)
參考文獻
- ^ 錢天宇. 海南岛发现小头蛇属一新种. 中國兩棲類. [2022-06-04].
- ^ Reptarium.cz Reptile Database 中的 Oligodon
- ^ Justin L. Lee. 2022. First Record of the Annam Kukri Snake Oligodon annamensis Leviton, 1953 (Squamata: Colubridae) From Thailand. Tropical Natural History. 22(1); 100-107. li01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/TNH/article/view/257277
- ^ Vassilieva, Anna B. 2015. A New Species of the Genus Oligodon Fitzinger, 1826 (Squamata: Colubridae) from Coastal Southern Vietnam. Zootaxa. 4058(2): 211–226. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4058.2.4
- ^ Vassilieva, Anna B., Peter Geissler, Eduard A. Galoyan, Nikolay A. J. Poyarkov, Robert W. V. Devender and Wolfgang Böhme. 2013. A New Species of Kukri Snake (Oligodon Fitzinger, 1826; Squamata: Colubridae) from the Cat Tien National Park, southern Vietnam. Zootaxa. 3702(3): 233-246. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3702.3.2
- ^ Zeeshan A. Mirza, Virender Kumar Bhardwaj and Harshil Patel. 2021. A New Species of Snake of the Genus Oligodon Boie in Fitzinger, 1826 (Reptilia, Serpentes) from the Western Himalayas. Evolutionary Systematics. 5(2): 335-345. DOI: 10.3897/evolsyst.5.72564
- ^ Sang N. Nguyen, Vu D. H. Nguyen, Son H. Le and Robert W. Murphy. 2016. A New Species of Kukri Snake (Squamata: Colubridae: Oligodon Fitzinger, 1826) from Con Dao Islands, southern Vietnam. 4139(2); 261–273. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.2.9
- ^ Sang Ngoc Nguyen, Luan Thanh Nguyen, Vu Dang Hoang Nguyen, Hoa Thi Phan, Ke Jiang and Robert W Murphy. 2017. A New Species of the Genus Oligodon Fitzinger, 1826 (Squamata: Colubridae) from Cu Lao Cham Islands, central Vietnam. Zootaxa. 4286(3); 333-346. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4286.3.2
- ^ Olivier S. G. Pauwels, Henning Larsen, Winai Suthanthangjai, Patrick David and Montri Sumontha. 2017. A New Kukri Snake (Colubridae: Oligodon) from Hua Hin District, and the First record of O. deuvei from Thailand. Zootaxa. 4291(3); 531–548. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4291.3.6
- ^ Abhijit Das, David J. Gower, Surya Narayanan, Saunak Pal, Bitupan Boruah, Sanjay Magar, Sanjib Das, Soumabrata Moulick and V. Deepak. 2022. Rediscovery and Systematics of the rarely encountered Blue-bellied Kukri Snake (Oligodon melaneus Wall, 1909) from Assam, India. Zootaxa. 5138(4); 417-430. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5138.4.4
- ^ Montri Sumontha, Kirati Kunya, Siriwat Dangsri and Olivier S. G. Pauwels. 2017. Oligodon saiyok, A New Limestone-dwelling Kukri Snake (Serpentes: Colubridae) from Kanchanaburi Province, western Thailand. Zootaxa. 4294(3); 316–328. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4294.3.2
- ^ Parinya Pawangkhanant, Nikolay A. Poyarkov, Harry Ward-Smith, Rupert Grassby-Lewis, Montri Sumontha, Nikita S. Kliukin, Sabira S. Idiiatullina, Alexei V. Trofimets, Chatmongkon Suwannapoom and Justin L. Lee. 2024. A New Species of Karst-associated Kukri Snake (Reptilia: Squamata: Colubridae: Oligodon Fitzinger, 1826) from southern Thailand. Vertebrate Zoology. 74: 359-379. DOI: 10.3897/vz.74.e112132
- ^ AA Thasun Amarasinghe, D.M.S. Suranjan Karunarathna, Patrick D. Campbell and Ivan Ineich. 2015. Systematics and Ecology of Oligodon sublineatus Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854, An Endemic Snake of Sri Lanka, including the Designation of A Lectotype. Zoosystematics and Evolution. 91(1): 71-80. DOI: 10.3897/zse.91.4971
- ^ Patrick David, Sjon Hauser and Gernot Vogel. 2022. A New Species of the Genus Oligodon Fitzinger, 1826 (Reptilia: Colubridae) from southern Laos. TAPROBANICA. 11(1); 12–24. DOI: 10.47605/tapro.v11i1.273
- ^ Sanjaya K. Bandara; S.R. Ganesh; A. Suneth Kanishka; A. Dineth Danushka; Vivek R. Sharma; Patrick D. Campbell; Ivan Ineich; Gernot Vogel and A.A. Thasun Amarasinghe. 2022. Taxonomic Composition of the Oligodon arnensis (Shaw 1802) Species Complex (Squamata: Colubridae) with the Description of A New Species from India. Herpetologica. DOI: 10.1655/Herpetologica-D-21-00026
- ^ Amarasinghe, Sujan M.Henkanaththegedara, Patrick D.Campbell, Awal Riyanto, Jakob Hallermann & Gernot Vogel, 2021