外瓶黴屬
外瓶霉屬![]() | |
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科學分類 ![]() | |
界: | 真菌界 Fungi |
門: | 子囊菌門 Ascomycota |
綱: | 散囊菌綱 Eurotiomycetes |
目: | 刺盾炱目 Chaetothyriales |
科: | 小疱毛殼科 Herpotrichiellaceae |
屬: | 外瓶霉屬 Exophiala J. W. Carmichael. (1966) |
模式種 | |
鮭魚外瓶黴 Exophiala salmonis J.W. Carmichael. (1966)
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異名[1] | |
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外瓶黴屬(學名:Exophiala)是一屬無性的(anamorphic)真菌,屬於Herpotrichiellaceae科,是一種在自然界呈一定的地域性分佈的條件性致病菌[2][3],亦是在魚類上出現的廣義的黑色真菌症[4]及人類皮膚出現的皮下黑色真菌症[5]的病原體。
外瓶黴屬於1966年由J.W. Carmichael確定[6],當時被歸類為半知菌亞門;腐生,可引起腹膜炎(Deuteromycetes)[7]。
分類
現時被歸類為外瓶黴屬的有28個品種[8]:
- 嗜堿性外瓶黴 Exophiala alcalophila [9]
- Exophiala angulospora Iwatsu, Udagawa & T. Takase 1991
- Exophiala atacamensis Madrid, Gené, Quijada, Cantillo & R. Gacitúa 2023
- Exophiala caementiphila Sastoque, Stchigel & Cano-Lira 2024
- Exophiala calicioides (Fr.) G. Okada & Seifert 2000
- Exophiala castellanii Iwatsu, Nishim. & Miyaji 1984
- Exophiala chapopotensis Ide-Pérez, Sánchez-Reyes, Folch-Mallol & Sánchez-Carbente 2024[10]
- Exophiala dehoogii Torres-Garcia, Gené & Dania García 2023
- 皮炎外瓶黴 Exophiala dermatitidis [9]::會分泌黑色分泌物[11],可引起暗色絲孢霉病[9]、皮下黑色真菌症和着色芽生黴菌症[5]
- 多匹可樂外瓶黴 Exophiala dopicola [9]
- Exophiala exophialae
- Exophiala heteromorpha
- 甄氏外瓶黴 Exophiala jeanselmei [9]:可引起一種名為maduromycosis的Eumycetoma[7],This is usually an asymtomatic disease which presents with black or brown macular lesions which enlarge by peripheral extension. The lesion is darkest at the periphery and very distinct margins. Lab diagnosis- using a KOH mount. Typically seen is brown septate branching hyphae or dark brown budding cells. Treatment is topical antifungal: miconazole or econazole;亦可引起暗色絲孢霉病[9]和皮下黑色真菌症[5];
- Exophiala lecanii-corni
- Exophiala mansonii
- Exophiala mesophila
- 叢梗孢外瓶黴 Exophiala moniliae [2];
- Exophiala negronii
- Exophiala phaeomuriformis
- 嗜魚外瓶黴 Exophiala pisciphila :見於魚類的黑色真菌[4];
- 假寡孢外瓶霉 Exophiala pseudooligosperma Z.F. Yu & X.Q. Yang
- Exophiala psychrophila O.A.Pedersen & Langvad, 1989
- 鮭魚外瓶黴 Exophiala salmonis :模式種,見於魚類的黑色真菌[4];
- 棘狀外瓶黴 Exophiala spinifera :會引起着色芽生黴菌症[5]
- 威尼克外瓶黴 Exophiala werneckii [2]:黑癬的病原體。部份文獻把這種黴與 Hortaea werneckii、Cladosporium werneckii及Phaeoannellomyces werneckii等同[12]。
參考資料
- ^ Exophiala J.W. Carmichael. 1966. MycoBank. International Mycological Association. [2011-06-27]. (原始內容存檔於2019-12-10).
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 李東明 李若瑜 王端禮 王曉紅 萬哲 馬聖清. 致病性外瓶霉的PCR-RFLP分类. 2010 [2010-10-27]. (原始內容存檔於2010-12-06) (中文(簡體)).
- ^ 王端禮,李若瑜,王愛平,等. 致病性着色真菌生态学研究. 中華皮膚科雜誌. 1994, 27 (4): 229~230.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 真菌の分類 [真菌的分類]. おさかなマガジン. [2010-10-28]. (原始內容存檔於2015-01-06) (日語).
- ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 王修含. 【口訣】可產生黑色素的黴菌-黑色黴菌(dematiaceous fungi). 2009-09-23 [2010-10-28]. (原始內容存檔於2015-01-06) (中文(繁體)).
- ^ Carmichael JW. Cerebral mycetoma of trout due to a Phialophora-like fungus. Sabouraudia. 1966, 5 (1): 120–3. PMID 6010250.
- ^ 7.0 7.1 醫學主題詞表(MeSH):Exophiala
- ^ Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA. Dictionary of the Fungi 10th. Wallingford, UK: CABI. 2008: 251. ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8.
- ^ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 暗色絲孢霉病. [2010-10-27]. (原始內容存檔於2016-03-04).
- ^ Exophiala chapopotensis sp. nov., an extremotolerant black yeast from an oil-polluted soil in Mexico; phylophenetic approach to species hypothesis in the Herpotrichiellaceae family. PLOS ONE. [2024-06-17]. (原始內容存檔於2024-06-17).
- ^ 黑色霉菌入腦可致命. 蘋果日報. 2010-10-26 [2010-10-27]. (原始內容存檔於2010-10-28) (中文(繁體)).
- ^ Mycology Online -- Phaeoannellomyces. (原始內容存檔於2008-12-05).
參看
- 真菌分類表#刺盾炱綱_(Chaetothyriomycetes):有關刺盾炱綱 (Chaetothyriomycetes)在真菌的分類
外部連結
- 外瓶黴屬在Index Fungorum中的資訊
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- ^ C.J. Alexopolous, Charles W. Mims, M. Blackwell,. Introductory Mycology 4th ed. John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken NJ. 2004. ISBN 0-471-52229-5.
- ^ Lumbsch TH, Huhndorf SM. Outline of Ascomycota – 2007. Myconet (The Field Museum, Department of Botany, Chicago, USA). December 2007, 13: 1–58. (原始內容存檔於2009-03-18).