邊界跟蹤
二值圖像的邊界跟蹤(Boundary tracing,也稱 輪廓跟蹤即contour tracing)可以被認為是一種識別數字區域邊界像素的圖像分割技術。邊界跟蹤是分析區域的第一步操作。
算法
邊界跟蹤的算法有:[1]
- Square跟蹤算法[2]
- Moore鄰域跟蹤算法
- 徑向掃描 (radical sweep)[3]
- Theo Pavlidis算法 [4]
- 一種使用向量幾何的泛化的算法:[5]
- 一種分割區域為開、閉子區域的算法:[6]
Square 跟蹤算法
Square跟蹤算法簡單但有效。它的行為完全基于格子是白格還是黑格(假設白格是形狀的一部分)。首先,從左上到右上逐行掃描。進入第一個白格後,算法的核心部分就開始了。它主要包括兩個規則:
- 如果在白格,左轉
- 如果在黑格,右轉
需要記錄進入當前格的過程,這樣才能定義左和右方向。
public void GetBoundary(byte[,] image)
{
for (int j = 0; j < image.GetLength(1); j++)
for (int i = 0; i < image.GetLength(0); i++)
if (image[i, j] == 255) // Found first white pixel
SquareTrace(new Point(i, j));
}
public void SquareTrace(Point start)
{
HashSet<Point> boundaryPoints = new HashSet<Point>(); // Use a HashSet to prevent double occurrences
// We found at least one pixel
boundaryPoints.Add(start);
// The first pixel you encounter is a white one by definition, so we go left.
// Our initial direction was going from left to right, hence (1, 0)
Point nextStep = GoLeft(new Point(1, 0));
Point next = start + nextStep;
while (next != start)
{
// We found a black cell, so we go right and don't add this cell to our HashSet
if (image[next.x, next.y] == 0)
{
next = next - nextStep
nextStep = GoRight(nextStep);
next = next + nextStep;
}
// Alternatively we found a white cell, we do add this to our HashSet
else
{
boundaryPoints.Add(next);
nextStep = GoLeft(nextStep);
next = next + nextStep;
}
}
}
private Point GoLeft(Point p) => new Point(p.y, -p.x);
private Point GoRight(Point p) => new Point(-p.y, p.x);
參見
參考資料
- ^ Contour Tracing Algorithms. [2021-12-28]. (原始內容存檔於2022-07-04).
- ^ Abeer George Ghuneim: square tracing algorithm. [2021-12-28]. (原始內容存檔於2022-03-25).
- ^ Abeer George Ghuneim: The Radial Sweep algorithm. [2021-12-28]. (原始內容存檔於2021-12-28).
- ^ Abeer George Ghuneim: Theo Pavlidis' Algorithm. [2021-12-28]. (原始內容存檔於2021-12-28).
- ^ Vector Algebra Based Tracing of External and Internal Boundary of an Object in Binary Images, Journal of Advances in Engineering Science Volume 3 Issue 1, January–June 2010, PP 57–70 [1] (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)
- ^ Graph theory based segmentation of traced boundary into open and closed sub-sections, Computer Vision and Image Understanding, Volume 115, Issue 11, November 2011, pages 1552–1558 [2] (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)