巧言虫
绿巧言虫
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| 颜色亮绿的绿巧言虫 | |
科学分类 
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| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 环节动物门 Annelida |
| 纲： | 多毛纲 Polychaeta |
| 目： | 叶须虫目 Phyllodocida |
| 科： | 叶须虫科 Phyllodocidae |
| 属： | 巧言虫属 Eulalia |
| 种： | 绿巧言虫 E. viridis
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| 二名法 | |
| Eulalia viridis | |
| 异名[2] | |
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绿巧言虫（学名：Eulalia viridis）是叶须虫目叶须虫科巧言虫属之下的一个多毛纲物种[4]，有着亮绿色的外表。本物种长约5至15 cm（2至6英寸）。在北大西洋海域，见于欧洲的挪威、英国及爱尔兰[1]的浅海或贻贝床[5][6]。
其种加词“viridis”意为“绿色的”。
形态描述
巧言虫是一种背部扁平又纤细的蠕虫，有体节高达200节。蠕虫最长可以生长至15 cm（6英寸），颜色从中绿色到亮绿色。头部有五条触角、两只眼及四对tentacular cirri；the eversible proboscis is cylindrical and dotted with rounded papillae. Each body segment has a pair of parapodia, and the cirri on these are long, thin and pointed. They project outwards, forming a fringe down each side of the body.[7]
分布及栖息地
1990年代以前，巧言虫被认为遍布东北大西洋，包括环绕英国的水域[1]，但形态学及生物化学研究表明在分布于南部的物种应属另一物种，即Eulalia clavigera；而这两个物种形成了一个生物复合种[8]。
As now recognised, E. viridis is native to the northeastern Atlantic Ocean where it is found in the waters off Norway, Sweden, Denmark and Germany, as well as the 法罗群岛, Iceland and 迪斯科岛 at depths from the mid-shore down to about 150米（500英尺）. It is typically found on rocky coasts and on shelly gravel,[9] in rock crevices and 无孔贻贝 beds.[7]
主要分布于在中国分布于山东半岛、辽东半岛[10][11]、黄海、东海、南中国海[1]，还有白海、新西伯利亚群岛、白令海、千岛群岛、勘察加半岛、鄂霍次克海、日本海等海域[1]。 一般栖息于北方和亚热带水域以及主要栖息于潮间带和潮下带海藻、藤壶、牡蛎及海鞘等附着动物和岩石下[1][5][6]。其生存的海拔下限为-2400米[1]。
生物学
Although many worms in this family are 捕食 and actively hunt prey, E. viridis seems to be more selective in its diet, and researchers found that it only consumed moribund or dead animal tissue. Breeding does not take place until the worms are at least two years old, and they are not thought to form swarms as do some other related species.[12] The greenish gelatinous egg mass is attached to 褐藻纲, but some populations seem not to have egg masses. The larvae pass through one or two 担轮幼虫 stages and two other stages before settling on the sea bed as a five- to nine-segmented larva, after up to nine weeks.[12]
参考文献
- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 中国科学院动物研究所. 巧言虫. 《中国动物物种编目数据库》. 中国科学院微生物研究所. [2009-04-16]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-05） （中文（简体））.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Read G, Fauchald K, Bellan G. Read G, Fauchald K , 编. Eulalia viridis (Linnaeus, 1767). World Polychaeta database. [2021-11-30] –通过WoRMS.
- ^ Linnaeus. Systema naturae 1 12th. Holmiae: Laurentii Salvii. 1767: 1086 [2021-12-09]. （原始内容存档于2021-12-09）.
|issue=被忽略 (帮助) - ^ Eulalia+viridis. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2019 Annual Checklist.. Reading, UK: Species 2000. 2019 [2020-05-21] （英语）.
- ^ 5.0 5.1 Brusca, R.C.; Brusca, G.J. Invertebrates. Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates. 2003 （英语）.
- ^ 6.0 6.1 Hayward, P.J.; Ryland, J.S. Handbook of the Marine Fauna of North-West Europe. New York: Oxford University Press. 1995 （英语）.
- ^ 7.0 7.1 Pizzolla, P.F. Green-leaf worm: Eulalia viridis. MarLIN. Plymouth: Marine Biological Associat的ion. 2008 [23 July 2017]. （原始内容存档于2022-01-19）.
- ^ Fish, J.D.; Fish, S. A Student's Guide to the Seashore. Cambridge University Press. 2011: 167. ISBN 978-1-139-49451-9 （英语）.
- ^ de Kluijver, M.J. Eulalia viridis. Macrobenthos of the North Sea – Polychaeta. Marine Species Identification Portal. [23 July 2017]. （原始内容存档于2021-12-09）.
- ^ 中国动物主题数据库: Eulalia viridis. [2021-12-19]. （原始内容存档于2021-12-09） （中文（简体））.
- ^ 陈义等. 中国动物图谱 环节动物（附多足类）. 北京: 科学出版社. 1959: 1–78 （中文（简体））.
- ^ 12.0 12.1 Australian Biological Resources Study. Polychaetes & Allies: The Southern Synthesis. Csiro Publishing. 2000: 145–147 [2021-12-09]. ISBN 978-0-643-06571-0. （原始内容存档于2021-12-06）.