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羊膜上皮细胞

维基百科,自由的百科全书

羊膜上皮细胞 (human amniotic epithelial cells,hAECs) 是一种从胎盘内膜内侧提取的立方体柱状紧密排列的单层干细胞。此类细胞在受精后八天左右,开始由多能性上胚层分化形成,并且拥有部分胚胎干细胞所特有的Oct4同源框蛋白质NANOG生物标记[1][2]。这些作为干细胞生物标记的转录因子是亚全能干细胞的基础。hAECs具有分化成三胚层(内胚层,中胚层,外胚层)中任意一层的潜能[3][4],即分化成与三胚层发育相对应的各组织器官,如心脏大脑和肝脏等。同时因为hAECs具有分化[5]、抗纤维化、不产生免疫排斥反应、不具致瘤性等的能力[6][7],使其能够在治疗各种与人体器官相关的疾病中发挥重大作用。hAECs目前可用于制备人工心脏瓣膜和气管等,以及分化肌肉细胞脂肪细胞、骨细胞、心肌细胞[8]神经样细胞[9]肝脏细胞等。

旁分泌

通过旁分泌,hAECs释放出多种生长因子集落刺激因子趋化因子细胞因子[10][11],包括表皮生长因子成纤维细胞生长因子神经生长因子英语Nerve growth factor血管内皮生长因子胰岛素样生长因子等生长因子;粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)、颗粒球-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子等集落刺激因子;IL-6、CCL2英语CCL2CXCL8白细胞介素和趋化因子。这些细胞可通过与靶细胞表面受体的结合,激活或阻断信号通路,从而调节细胞的增殖、分化、迁移,以及炎症反应[12]细胞外基质的产生,故而在皮肤创伤及肺损伤等组织损伤修复研究中,具有重要作用。

参考资料

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  2. ^ Miki, T; Lehmann, T; Cai, H; Stolz, DB; Strom, SC. Stem cell characteristics of amniotic epithelial cells.. Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio). NaN, 23 (10): 1549–59 [2019-11-22]. PMID 16081662. doi:10.1634/stemcells.2004-0357. 
  3. ^ Ilancheran, S; Michalska, A; Peh, G; Wallace, EM; Pera, M; Manuelpillai, U. Stem cells derived from human fetal membranes display multilineage differentiation potential.. Biology of reproduction. 2007-09, 77 (3): 577–88 [2019-11-22]. PMID 17494917. doi:10.1095/biolreprod.106.055244. 
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  5. ^ Meirelles Lda, S; Fontes, AM; Covas, DT; Caplan, AI. Mechanisms involved in the therapeutic properties of mesenchymal stem cells.. Cytokine & growth factor reviews. NaN, 20 (5-6): 419–27 [2019-11-22]. PMID 19926330. doi:10.1016/j.cytogfr.2009.10.002. 
  6. ^ Murphy, SV; Atala, A. Amniotic fluid and placental membranes: unexpected sources of highly multipotent cells.. Seminars in reproductive medicine. 2013-01, 31 (1): 62–8 [2019-11-22]. PMID 23329638. doi:10.1055/s-0032-1331799. 
  7. ^ Bollini, S; Silini, AR; Banerjee, A; Wolbank, S; Balbi, C; Parolini, O. Cardiac Restoration Stemming From the Placenta Tree: Insights From Fetal and Perinatal Cell Biology.. Frontiers in physiology. 2018, 9: 385 [2019-11-22]. PMID 29695981. doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.00385. 
  8. ^ Fang, CH; Jin, J; Joe, JH; Song, YS; So, BI; Lim, SM; Cheon, GJ; Woo, SK; Ra, JC; Lee, YY; Kim, KS. In vivo differentiation of human amniotic epithelial cells into cardiomyocyte-like cells and cell transplantation effect on myocardial infarction in rats: comparison with cord blood and adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells.. Cell transplantation. 2012, 21 (8): 1687–96 [2019-11-22]. PMID 22776022. doi:10.3727/096368912X653039. 
  9. ^ Zhu, S; Li, J; Zhu, Q; Dai, T; He, B; Zhou, X; Xiang, J; Liu, X. Differentiation of human amniotic epithelial cells into Schwann‑like cells via indirect co‑culture with Schwann cells in vitro.. Molecular medicine reports. 2015-02, 11 (2): 1221–7 [2019-11-22]. PMID 25374158. doi:10.3892/mmr.2014.2881. 
  10. ^ Grzywocz, Z; Pius-Sadowska, E; Klos, P; Gryzik, M; Wasilewska, D; Aleksandrowicz, B; Dworczynska, M; Sabalinska, S; Hoser, G; Machalinski, B; Kawiak, J. Growth factors and their receptors derived from human amniotic cells in vitro.. Folia histochemica et cytobiologica. 2014, 52 (3): 163–70 [2019-11-22]. PMID 25308731. doi:10.5603/FHC.2014.0019. 
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  12. ^ Zou, G; Liu, T; Guo, L; Huang, Y; Feng, Y; Duan, T. MicroRNA‑32 silences WWP2 expression to maintain the pluripotency of human amniotic epithelial stem cells and β islet‑like cell differentiation.. International journal of molecular medicine. 2018-04, 41 (4): 1983–1991 [2019-11-22]. PMID 29393344. doi:10.3892/ijmm.2018.3436.