十二年休战
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十二年休战是西班牙帝国与荷兰共和国之间八十年战争期间的停火协议，于1609年4月9日在安特卫普达成，并于1621年4月9日结束[1]。虽然法国等欧洲列强开始将荷兰共和国视为一个主权国家，但西班牙人认为这是由于财政枯竭和国内问题而被迫采取的临时措施，西班牙直到1648年签订《威斯特伐利亚条约》才正式承认荷兰独立[2][3]。停战协议使西班牙腓力三世能够将资源集中到其他地方，而阿尔伯特大公和伊莎贝拉则利用停战协议巩固哈布斯堡王朝的统治，并在南尼德兰实施反宗教改革。
文献
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