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倒F型天线

维基百科,自由的百科全书
应用于数位增强无线电话系统中的一个倒F型天线

倒F型天线(英语:inverted-F antenna)是用于无线通讯的一种天线,主要运作于特高频微波频率。构造包含导电的接地平面英语Ground plane以及一个与之平行的单极天线英语Monopole antenna。相对于简易版的单极天线,此设计有两个好处:第一,这种天线的长度较短且体积更加小巧,可被安装在移动设备中。第二,这种天线无需其他元件即可透过设计与馈电电路达成阻抗匹配,提高效率。

与倒F型天线有关的构想最早出现在1950年代,当时构想的是一个立体的弯折天线。然而,如今倒F型天线最为广泛的应用形式是平面倒F型天线(英语:planar inverted-F antenna,PIFA)。其接地平面和天线平行于一平面上,大幅节省了立体空间,小巧的尺寸使其能够融入于行动通讯装置中。PIFA能被以微带线形式印刷在电路板上。

PIFA是一种贴片天线英语Patch antenna。许多的贴片天线(包含PIFA)都可实现宽频和多频功能,实现方式包含使用耦合谐振器(coupled resonator)或是在天线上打洞。

发展与历史

倒F型天线是由广受使用的四分之一波长(quarter-wave)单极天线英语Monopole antenna演变而来,其构造包含一个接地平面以及一个直立于平面上的杆状天线,天线由底部接受馈电。最早具有F状造型的天线于1940年代被发明,[1]这个天线从位于中间位置的分支接受馈电,而其底部则连接到接地平面。从馈电线一直到接地平面这个区段的天线具有短截线的作用。只要调整这个区段的长度,就能够改变天线的输入阻抗,因此设计者可以透过改变馈电点位置来达成阻抗匹配。

注脚

  1. ^ Waterhouse & Novak, p. 19

参考书目

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