蠕虫病
蠕虫病 | |
---|---|
X射线图像,以钡作为造影剂,显示南非某感染者小肠中的蛔虫(一种蠕虫) | |
类型 | 寄生虫病、疾病 |
病因 | 感染 |
分类和外部资源 | |
醫學專科 | 傳染病學 |
ICD-11 | 1F90 |
ICD-9-CM | 120-129.99、128.9、128.8 |
DiseasesDB | 28826 |
蠕虫病,也称为蠕虫感染,是人和其他动物一部分身体被寄生蠕虫感染导致的一种巨噬细胞疾病。这些寄生虫种类很多,大致分为絛蟲、吸蟲和线虫。它们通常生活在宿主的胃肠道中,但也可能钻入其他器官,引起生理损伤。
土源性蠕虫病和血吸虫病是最重要的蠕虫病,属于被忽视热带病[1]。2012年,世界领先的制药工程和非政府组织共同启动了一项名为“被忽视热带病伦敦宣言”的项目,旨在到2020年控制或根除某些被忽视的热带病[2]。
目前已发现蠕虫病会导致婴孩产出不良、认知发育不良、学业和工作表现不佳、社会经济发展不良以及贫困[3][4]。其它次要影响包括慢性病、營養不良和贫血[5]。
土源性蠕虫病是造成全世界四分之一的寄生虫感染的原因[6]。此类病的一个典型例子是蛔虫病。
迹象和症状
蠕虫病的症状取决于许多因素,包括感染部位、蠕虫类型、蠕虫数量、蠕虫体积、伤害类型、免疫反应等。如果身体供给物质和能量给寄生虫的负担很轻,则可能没有任何症状。某些蠕虫可能会导致特定的症状,例如绦虫可导致癫痫发作[7]。
质量和体积
在肠道感染的极端情况下,蠕虫的质量和体积如过大则可能导致肠壁外层(例如肌肉层)撕裂,进而可能导致肠道腹膜炎、肠扭转和坏疽[8]。
免疫反应
蠕虫作为病原体可诱导产生免疫反应,皮肤、肺、肝、肠、中枢神经系统和眼睛可发生免疫介导炎症变化。身体免疫反应迹象可能包括水肿、关节炎和嗜酸性粒细胞增多[9]。例如蛔虫幼虫通过肺部支气管迁移可引起哮喘[10]。
流行病学
死亡
每年有多达135,000人死于土源性蠕虫病[3][11][12]。
1990至2013年全球疾病负担研究估计血吸虫病直接致死人数为5,500人[13],而2013年估计有超过20万人死因与血吸虫病有关[14]。此病另外还对2000万人造成严重后果[15],是被忽视热带病中最致命的一种[16]。
参考资料
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- ^ John DT, William Jr AP. Markell and Vogue's Medical Parasitology, 9th Edition. Saunders Elsevier Press. 2006. ISBN 0721647936.
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- ^ Naghavi, M.; Wang, H.; et al. Global, regional, and national age–sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. The Lancet. 2015, 385 (9963): 117–171 [2019-06-14]. ISSN 0140-6736. PMC 4340604 . PMID 25530442. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2. (原始内容存档于2021-03-10).
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