組蛋白乙醯轉移酶 （Histone acetyltransferase，簡稱HAT ）是真核生物 細胞 中將組蛋白 乙醯化 的酵素 ，此類酵素將乙醯輔酶A 上的乙醯基 轉移至組蛋白N端 尾的離氨酸 上，組蛋白乙醯化可降低其正電荷，使染色體 的結構變疏鬆，促進其他蛋白（如具有布羅莫結構域 的轉錄因子 ）與染色體結合，促進基因的轉錄 [1]
組蛋白乙醯轉移酶可依在細胞中的位置分為A型與B型兩大類[2] 細胞核 中，可將染色體（核小體 ）上的組蛋白乙醯化以促進基因表現 [3] 細胞質 中，種類很少，代表者如HAT1 [4] 轉譯 產生、尚未組裝成核小體的組蛋白乙醯化，這些組蛋白進入細胞核組裝成核小體後，在細胞質中加上的乙醯基一般會被組蛋白脫乙醯酶 移除[5] Gcn5 基因家族 ，此外核受體輔活化子 [6] [7] CLOCK [8] ELP3 ATF2 [2] MOZ Tip60 KAT8 KAT6B KAT7 鋅指 與克羅莫結構域 [9]
組蛋白乙醯化的反應機理因轉移酶的種類不同而異，GNAT家族的轉移酶會同時與乙醯輔酶A和組蛋白結合，形成三元複合體 [7] 乒乓機制 （Ping–pong mechanisms），先得到乙醯基再將其轉移到組蛋白上[10] [6] [7] SAGA複合體 與NuA4複合體 [6] [11] [12] [13]
參考文獻
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