盗蜜
盗蜜是指昆虫、鸟类或其他动物在植物的花冠筒上直接打洞取食花蜜,但不给花授粉的现象[1]。
被盗蜜植物主要是具有长花管或花上有蜜腺距的产蜜植物[1]。存在盗蜜现象的植物大约有59科214种[2]。常见的盗蜜者是蜂类,尤以熊蜂和木蜂为多,在美洲一些鸟类也是常见的盗蜜者[1]。
盗蜜会损坏植物生殖器官柱头和花药[3], 还能通过影响传粉者的行为来影响植物的适合度[1]。此外,通过影响传粉者行为,盗蜜者会增加花粉的散布距离、促进异交[1]。
参考文献
- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Du, Jiaxiao; Meng, Lu; Sun, Haiqin; Bao, Ying. Effects of nectar robbing on pollinator behavior and pollination success in facultative selfing Incarvillea sinensis var. sinensis. Biodiversity Science. 2015, 23 (5): 658–664. doi:10.17520/biods.2015102 .
- ^ Irwin, Rebecca; Maloof, Joan. Variation in nectar robbing over time, space, and species. Oecologia. 2002-12-01, 133 (4): 525–533. doi:10.1007/s00442-002-1060-z.
- ^ Irwin, Rebecca E.; Bronstein, Judith L.; Manson, Jessamyn S.; Richardson, Leif. Nectar Robbing: Ecological and Evolutionary Perspectives. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics. 2010-12, 41 (1): 271–292. doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.110308.120330.