玛格达·卢佩斯库

玛格达·卢佩斯库
Magda Lupescu
玛格达·卢佩斯库; Magda Lupescu
	霍亨索伦-锡格马林根公主
	卡罗尔二世国王与玛格达·卢佩斯库
出生	1899年9月15日; 罗马尼亚王国雅西
逝世	1977年6月29日（77歲）; 葡萄牙第二共和国卡斯凯什埃什托里尔
配偶	扬·坦佩努; （1919年结婚—1923年结束）; 卡罗尔二世; （1947年结婚—1953年丧偶）;
王朝	霍亨索伦-锡格马林根王朝; （通过婚姻）
父親	尼古拉·卢佩斯库
母親	伊莉丝·福尔克
宗教信仰	罗马天主教

玛格达·卢佩斯库（羅馬尼亞語：Magda Lupescu，1899年9月15日^[1]—1977年6月29日）^[2]，是罗马尼亚国王卡罗尔二世的情妇及第三任妻子，她在与国王结婚后被正式称为「罗马尼亚的埃琳娜公主」^[3]^[4]。玛格达长期被描述为「王座背后的力量」^[5]，她虽然未享有官方地位，但她对卡罗尔二世而言是一位充满魅力和影响力的伴侣^[6]。直到1938年卡罗尔二世实行君主专制后，玛格达才公开陪同国王行使政治职能，她在上流右翼圈子中间具有相当的影响力^[7]。1940年9月6日，卡罗尔二世在首相扬·安东内斯库的压力下被迫退位^[8]，玛格达也和国王一起流亡海外并最终定居于葡萄牙。1977年6月29日，玛格达在卡罗尔二世去世24年后病逝于埃什托里尔^[9]。

参考资料

^
Estimates of her birth date range at least from 1895 to 1902:
- "At Long Last", Time magazine, 14 July 1947. Online version accessed 21 March 2007: "In 1947, the ex-king was 53 years old. Magda never told anyone her age, but it was at least 50."
- Magda Lupescu （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Encyclopædia Britannica online, accessed 21 March 2007. Only the first portion of the article can be accessed without subscription. Says "1896?"
- Lupescu, Magda 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期15 April 2007., Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2001–05. Accessed online 21 March 2007. Says "1896?"
- Elena Lupescu （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, ThePeerage.com, states a birthdate of 15 September 1895, for which they cite Marlene A. Eilers, Queen Victoria's Descendants (Baltimore, Maryland: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1987). Accessed online 21 March 2007.
- "The "Lupescu Issue" Echoes in the Realm of King Carol", The New York Times, 6 May 1934, p. XX5: "Her age is between 35 and 40."
- "Magda Lupescu, Woman behind Rumania's Throne, Is Dead at 81", The New York Times, 30 June 1977, p. 73
- "Magda Lupescu Dies at 81; Mistress, Wife of Former King of Romania", The Washington Post, 1 July 1977, p. C10
- "Attacks Are Renewed on Red-Haired Magda", The Washington Post, 25 December 1934, p. 3 refers to "his 36-year-old friend".
- "Carol Marries Lupescu, Ill", The Washington Post, 6 July 1947, p. M1: "Magda, who is 50"
- （羅馬尼亞語） Carol al II-lea, despartit dupa moarte de Duduie 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期3 March 2016., Jurnalul Naṭional, 16 February 2004, accessed online 21 March 2007, gives the date 2 September 1899.
- "Slight Gain Shown by Magda Lupescu", The New York Times, 8 July 1947, p. 12: "On the [marriage] petition Mme. Lupescu gave her year of birth as 1902"
^ Profile of Elena Lupescu. [2022-06-25]. （原始内容存档于2022-06-25）.
^ Paul of Hohenzollern-Romania, p. 223; Cosma, p. 302
^ Paul of Hohenzollern-Romania, p. 223
^ Ernest Urdăreanu was supposed to have said, "I control the king, because I control Mrs. Lupescu". The statement is likely apocryphal, and there is no evidence that Urdăreanu exercised anything other than the control every able and loyal secretary exercises over his employer.
^ It was also said that Lupescu had established her own intelligence service (e.g., Cosma, p. 161), but that is probably a wild exaggeration. The same was said about virtually every prominent Romanian politician. For instance, Iuliu Maniu's private spy service was supposedly run by none other than Eugen Cristescu, later (1940–1944) head of Serviciul Secret de Informații, Romania's Secret Intelligence Service (Cosma, p. 177).
^ Carol's task was facilitated by the fact that, constitutionally as well as by tradition, Romanian monarchs were more closely involved in political life than their Western counterparts.
^ Paul of Hohenzollern-Romania, p. 206–214
^ Cosma, p. 302

文献来源

Cosma, Neagu. (1998) Culisele Palatului Regal. Ediție revăzută și adăugită. București: Editura Globus. ISBN 973-49-0099-4.
Easterman, A.L. (1942) King Carol, Hitler, and Lupescu, London: Victor Gollancz Ltd., especially the chapter "Who is Magda Lupescu", p. 69–85.
Fischer-Galați, Stephen Alexander. (1991) Twentieth Century Rumania. 2nd ed. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-07463-8
Ionescu, Șerban N. (1994) Who Was Who in Twentieth-Century Romania East European Monographs, No. 395. Boulder, New York: East European Monographs. ISBN 0-88033-292-1.
Livezeanu, Irina. (1995) Cultural Politics in Greater Romania: Regionalism, Nation Building, and Ethnic Struggle, 1918–1930. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-8688-2.
Pakula, Hannah. (1984) The Last Romantic: A Biography of Queen Marie of Roumania. New York: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 0-671-46364-0.
Paul, Prince of Hohenzollern-Roumania. (1988) King Carol II: A Life of My Grandfather. London: Methuen. ISBN 0-413-16570-1.
Quinlan, Paul D. (1995) The Playboy King: Carol II of Romania, Contributions to the Study of World History, No. 52. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-29519-0.
St. John, Robert. (1957) Foreign Correspondent. 1st ed. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday.

外部链接

在Find a Grave上的玛格达·卢佩斯库
GENEALOGIES » Dethroned Houses » Greece » Genealogy on royalsportal.de. Accessed 23 January 2006.
Congregatio Jesu România Includes a short history of the Institute of Mary in Romania, in Romanian.
Police Report Bucharest police report on Elena Lupescu and her political influence, dated 29 June 1935, published by the Bucharest newspaper "Ziua" on 15 February 2003, in Romanian. Of questionable authenticity.
Institute of Mary （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） The history of the Institute of Mary, from the Catholic Encyclopedia.
Carol al II-lea nu mai încape^{[永久失效連結]} Report on the arrangements to transfer the remains of Carol II and Elena Lupescu from Portugal to Romania, published by the newspaper "Adevarul" on 22 January 2003, in Romanian.
Was Elena Lupescu a beautiful woman? （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） More images for Elena Lupescu, in Romanian.

[1] Estimates of her birth date range at least from 1895 to 1902:
"At Long Last", Time magazine, 14 July 1947. Online version accessed 21 March 2007: "In 1947, the ex-king was 53 years old. Magda never told anyone her age, but it was at least 50."

Magda Lupescu （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Encyclopædia Britannica online, accessed 21 March 2007. Only the first portion of the article can be accessed without subscription. Says "1896?"

Lupescu, Magda 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期15 April 2007., Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2001–05. Accessed online 21 March 2007. Says "1896?"

Elena Lupescu （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, ThePeerage.com, states a birthdate of 15 September 1895, for which they cite Marlene A. Eilers, Queen Victoria's Descendants (Baltimore, Maryland: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1987). Accessed online 21 March 2007.

"The "Lupescu Issue" Echoes in the Realm of King Carol", The New York Times, 6 May 1934, p. XX5: "Her age is between 35 and 40."

"Magda Lupescu, Woman behind Rumania's Throne, Is Dead at 81", The New York Times, 30 June 1977, p. 73

"Magda Lupescu Dies at 81; Mistress, Wife of Former King of Romania", The Washington Post, 1 July 1977, p. C10

"Attacks Are Renewed on Red-Haired Magda", The Washington Post, 25 December 1934, p. 3 refers to "his 36-year-old friend".

"Carol Marries Lupescu, Ill", The Washington Post, 6 July 1947, p. M1: "Magda, who is 50"

（羅馬尼亞語） Carol al II-lea, despartit dupa moarte de Duduie 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期3 March 2016., Jurnalul Naṭional, 16 February 2004, accessed online 21 March 2007, gives the date 2 September 1899.

"Slight Gain Shown by Magda Lupescu", The New York Times, 8 July 1947, p. 12: "On the [marriage] petition Mme. Lupescu gave her year of birth as 1902"

[2] "At Long Last", Time magazine, 14 July 1947. Online version accessed 21 March 2007: "In 1947, the ex-king was 53 years old. Magda never told anyone her age, but it was at least 50."

[3] Magda Lupescu （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Encyclopædia Britannica online, accessed 21 March 2007. Only the first portion of the article can be accessed without subscription. Says "1896?"

[4] Lupescu, Magda 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期15 April 2007., Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2001–05. Accessed online 21 March 2007. Says "1896?"

[5] Elena Lupescu （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, ThePeerage.com, states a birthdate of 15 September 1895, for which they cite Marlene A. Eilers, Queen Victoria's Descendants (Baltimore, Maryland: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1987). Accessed online 21 March 2007.

[6] "The "Lupescu Issue" Echoes in the Realm of King Carol", The New York Times, 6 May 1934, p. XX5: "Her age is between 35 and 40."

[7] "Magda Lupescu, Woman behind Rumania's Throne, Is Dead at 81", The New York Times, 30 June 1977, p. 73

[8] "Magda Lupescu Dies at 81; Mistress, Wife of Former King of Romania", The Washington Post, 1 July 1977, p. C10

[9] "Attacks Are Renewed on Red-Haired Magda", The Washington Post, 25 December 1934, p. 3 refers to "his 36-year-old friend".

[10] "Carol Marries Lupescu, Ill", The Washington Post, 6 July 1947, p. M1: "Magda, who is 50"

[11] （羅馬尼亞語） Carol al II-lea, despartit dupa moarte de Duduie 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期3 March 2016., Jurnalul Naṭional, 16 February 2004, accessed online 21 March 2007, gives the date 2 September 1899.

[12] "Slight Gain Shown by Magda Lupescu", The New York Times, 8 July 1947, p. 12: "On the [marriage] petition Mme. Lupescu gave her year of birth as 1902"

[2] Profile of Elena Lupescu. [2022-06-25]. （原始内容存档于2022-06-25）.

[3] Paul of Hohenzollern-Romania, p. 223; Cosma, p. 302

[4] Paul of Hohenzollern-Romania, p. 223

[5] Ernest Urdăreanu was supposed to have said, "I control the king, because I control Mrs. Lupescu". The statement is likely apocryphal, and there is no evidence that Urdăreanu exercised anything other than the control every able and loyal secretary exercises over his employer.

[6] It was also said that Lupescu had established her own intelligence service (e.g., Cosma, p. 161), but that is probably a wild exaggeration. The same was said about virtually every prominent Romanian politician. For instance, Iuliu Maniu's private spy service was supposedly run by none other than Eugen Cristescu, later (1940–1944) head of Serviciul Secret de Informații, Romania's Secret Intelligence Service (Cosma, p. 177).

[7] Carol's task was facilitated by the fact that, constitutionally as well as by tradition, Romanian monarchs were more closely involved in political life than their Western counterparts.

[8] Paul of Hohenzollern-Romania, p. 206–214

[9] Cosma, p. 302

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